被害人承诺基本问题探析

刑法意义的被害人承诺是构建于利益衡量说基石之上的。其成立需具备以下四个要件:主体要件、主观要件、客体要件以及时间要件。被害人承诺具有阻却违法性之刑法效果,而被害人承诺过当可减少行为违法性。     

Sex offender laws in the United States: smart policy or disproportionate sanctions?

In the 1990s, the United States began enacting a series of laws to monitor and supervise sex offenders living in the community. These evolved to include Internet registries of sex offenders, sex offender residence restrictions, GPS monitoring, and even civil commitment of sex offenders at the conclusion of their criminal sentences. Though other countries have enacted legislation to monitor sex offenders, none have implemented laws impinging on the civil liberties of offenders to the extent of those in the United States. This article examines the basis of the US laws and their challenges, provides an overview of their efficacy, and compares the US approach to those of other countries.     

The supervisory communication-commitment to workgroup model： Example on a Malaysian organization

This study examined the relationship between supervisory communication and commitment to workgroup model in a particular Malaysian organization. We employed structural equation modeling （SEM） statistical procedures. We found that positive relationship communication, upward openness, negative relationship communication and job-relevant communication within superior-subordinate relationships have significant effect on group commitment. Consequences of this finding were discussed and elaborated in this article.     

略论会计法律责任

会计法律责任主要是指编造和提供虚假会计信息。在市场经济的条件下提高对改进会计法律责任的认识,明确会计法律责任的承担,对于会计信息质量的提高有很大的裨益。     

被害人承诺的成立要件研究

被害人承诺,作为正当化事由之一,是关于公民私权与国家、社会公权的界限划分的理论,进而也体现了国家对于法秩序不同价值的取向,世界各国大都为其设定了不同的成立条件。但是该理论在我国刑事立法中没有建立,在注重人性化与法治化的今天,我国必然会将其立法化,因此研究被害人承诺的成立要件就具有了现实的意义。本文拟从承诺权限、主体、主...     

艾滋病防治的世界性法律行动与中国的法律实践

面对艾滋病对社会经济的巨大影响,国际社会和各个国家纷纷通过立法来找寻艾滋病防治的有效路径。近年来的相关研究业已表明,人权保护乃是艾滋病防治工作和艾滋病立法的重要内容。20多年来世界性艾滋病立法行动对人权保护给予了足够的重视。同时,在国际社会的指引下,中国的艾滋病防治立法中也有了更多人权保护的规定。     

The ‘wanted’ children. Experiences of Hungarian children living with Belgian foster families during the interwar period

Transnational adoption and child migration are often regarded as recent phenomena, yet there is a long history of children travelling without their families, settling and integrating in a foreign culture and environment. In the 1920s, thousands of Hungarian children went to Belgium for a six-month holiday within the framework of a humanitarian project. Although they were supposed to return to Hungary after their vacation, some of them stayed indefinitely with their Belgian families. By analyzing oral testimonies of the now elderly ‘children’ about their migration and childhood experiences in Belgium, we explore how they construct and reconstruct concepts such as childhood, vulnerability, and loyalty commitments, and show the crucial importance of maintaining birth family ties for the future development of transnationally adopted children.     

Attitudes among medical and law students toward decision-making in regard to involuntary psychiatric hospitalization

Background

The management of individuals with mental illnesses sometimes requires involuntary hospitalization. The Israel Mental Health Act requires that cases of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization (IPH) be periodically reviewed by the district psychiatric committee. The discussion in the committee often leads to debate regarding the need for an IPH potentially depriving the patient of his freedom. Little is known about the way in which the psychiatrists and attorneys on these committees arrive at their decisions. The present study was designed to examine the views of future doctors and attorneys concerning cases of possible IPH to determine whether their decisions would be influenced by their respective professional educational backgrounds.

Methods

After compiling demographic data, we asked 170 students from each of the two disciplines what their decision would be in two hypothetical cases that dealt with the question of a prolongation of a psychiatric hospitalization. Questionnaires examining social distance and possible stigmatizing views concerning psychiatric patients were also distributed and collected.

Results

The response rates for the medical and law students were, respectively, 90% and 85%. We found no differences between the medical and law students regarding their views on prolongation of a psychiatric hospitalization. This was consistent regardless of whether the hospitalization was against the patient's will or according to his wish and against the treating physicians' advice. We also found that the medical and law students had similar general views regarding psychiatric patients, but that the latter evidenced greater social distance than the former.

Conclusions

Academic background and socialization were not found to influence the decisions of students regarding IPH. Educational programs and exposure to psychiatric patients during law studies are proposed to lessen psychiatric stigma and promote better understanding between members of the two disciplines.     

城市愿景驱动下承诺型政府的形成及其构建

在快速推进的城市化进程中,城市发展已经成为衡量政府绩效的重要指标之一。本文认为,在政府责任框架下的城市愿景将有助于承诺型政府的形成,提出通过以善治为核心的承诺型政府的构建,政府能不断加强自身承诺践行,强化治理责任,选择适合城市发展的战略,实现城市的可持续发展。