我国大陆有组织犯罪的现状、发展趋势及其对策

有组织犯罪是指3人或3人以上,为了获取非法经济利益而形成一定的组织,以组织体的形式实施特定或不特定犯罪的犯罪现象。在我国大陆法律语境下,有组织犯罪可以划分为普通犯罪集团犯罪、黑社会性质组织犯罪以及黑社会组织犯罪。     

从罪犯到地点：犯罪空间防控的兴起

街面犯罪的持续暴涨引发了各界对潜在罪犯的犯罪防控模式的反思,犯罪地理学的发展、美国地点警务的日臻成熟与上述反思一道,促成了基于城市犯罪聚集热点的空间防控的兴起。犯罪的空间防控为警务应对的改进、平安中国建设的完善及防卫空间刑事政策的发展带来了全新的尝试与改良的契机。     

Treacherous Trysts,Tender Trade:

This paper examines how wives' continuing relationships with their incarcerated husbands are shaped by prison policies concerning husbands receiving personal services and approved material goods during in-prison visitation. A combination of data sources are used to construct an ethnographic account of the experiences of thirty women married to men incarcerated in two prisons. Findings show that within the constraints of prison visiting, marital relationships can be strengthened and/or undermined whenever wives perform personal services and deliver goods. Delivery of legal goods strained wives' limited financial resources while smuggling contraband provided wives with temporary relief from money worries. It is concluded that certain prison policies believed functional for the prison treatment program can lead to dysfunctional consequences for prisoner-wife interaction and for the quality of wives' lives on the outside.     

Trauma Symptoms of Former Intimate Stalking Victims

Abstract

One-hundred-eighty-seven female victims stalked by former intimate partners were interviewed about their victimization experiences. To identify psychological symptoms experienced by the victims, Briere and Runtz's (1989) Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC-33) was utilized in the interview. Individual items were combined to form five distinct scales as developed and validated by Briere and Runtz (1989). Findings reveal that the highest mean scores for the sample were on the items included in the Sleep Disturbance scale. In addition, overall TSC-33 scores and the Dissociation, Anxiety, Depression, and Post-Sexual Assault Trauma-hypothesized (PSAT-h) scale scores varied by whether or not victims had experienced violence during their former relationship with the stalker and by whether or not violence occurred during the stalking. The absence or presence of verbal threats of violence during the stalking, however, did not have an independent effect on most emotional symptoms when controlling for violence during stalking.     

但书、罪量与扒窃入罪

刑法修正案八生效以来,扒窃应否一律入罪、但书是否得为扒窃的出罪依据之争,困扰着我国刑法理论研究与司法实务。解决这一问题的理论前提是,建立对但书及其规制下的罪量类型、政策机能、体系定位、出罪机制的基本共识,消除刑法知识转型时代不同话语系统囿于语境差异的对话困难。通过以阶层犯罪论体系与我国刑法规定为背景,立足于刑法教义学与刑事政策的融通,分析我国刑法特有的罪量要素的类型与政策功能,可以认为,扒窃包含为但书所规制并须结合刑法的规范保护目的进行涵摄的罪量要素。从扒窃行为的客观不法与“扒手”的人的主观不法两个维度,才能揭示扒窃的规范含义,并据以依次判断扒窃行为是否该当扒窃型盗窃罪的构成要件。扒窃作为盗窃罪的不法行为定型,既表明我国刑法包含涵摄罪量要素,也展现了我国刑法以行为不法为基础,重视人的不法的新动向。     

犯罪论对刑法典的形塑作用——以德国犯罪论与刑法典的关系史为线索的考察

刑法典与犯罪论体系的关系是犯罪论体系论争的一个前提性问题。对此,主张"维持论"的学者提出了"刑法典对犯罪论具有制约关系"的命题。通过对德国犯罪论与刑法典关系史的考察,可以看出,无论是构成要件、违法性还是罪责,都不是德国刑法典的产物,而是德国刑法学者智慧的产物。更为重要的是,阶层犯罪论体系的这些基本概念,通过在刑法学界形成共识之后,形塑了德国刑法典的发展。我国犯罪论体系的建构不应拘泥于刑法典本身的规定,因此引入德国阶层犯罪论体系并不存在障碍。     

历史·范式·结构:犯罪学中的风险开示

在20世纪末,风险已成为占据主要支配力的问题处理方式。对于犯罪学来说,关于风险的争论已经贯穿在研究的全部范畴内。犯罪学中的风险理论经历了从隐性到显性的知识发展。在犯罪控制范式转变中,风险的规制、维控与治理与犯罪的预防、控制与治理分别对应而形成了以回抗、维控、化解风险压力为导向的控制结构。同时,作为犯罪控制结构要素的控制主体、控制措施与控制客体的任一环节的自反性都将使犯罪控制的运行超出设计初衷而出现风险性。犯罪学中的风险理论是犯罪学与风险学科的交叉研究理论,也存在由于风险的不确定性在犯罪治理中的适用所引发的一系列争议性问题。由此,风险议题在解决我国司法实践难题时显得尤为重要。     

知识背景、三维解构与智识启迪:贝卡里亚犯罪学思想论要

从刑事一体化的角度来看,贝卡里亚及其《论犯罪与刑罚》一书,不仅是刑法学界的遗产,也是犯罪学的一笔丰厚遗产。贝卡里亚的犯罪学理论是建立在对前启蒙时代犯罪学的批判之上的,通过与前启蒙时代犯罪学的比较,可以发掘贝卡里亚对犯罪学理论的巨大贡献。系统整理贝卡里亚及其犯罪学思想,不仅是犯罪学对于学界的一种理论贡献,更是对于深度融合刑事法学各个学科,具有不可低估的学术意义。     

Examining state and state-corporate crime surrounding major sporting events

Although prior criminological research has examined sport, most of the attention has been focused on crimes perpetrated by athletes or by fans. Potential examples of state and state-corporate crime as they relate to the bidding process, hosting, and legacy of sport mega-events is the current focus. Drawing on sport and criminology scholarship, the study focuses on Olympic Games and World Cups since the late 1990s, discussing the issues of selection of host sites, police abuse, under-enforcement of street crimes, limitations on civil liberties, removal of ‘undesirables,’ and labor-related concerns.     

Effects of Mug Book Size and Computerized Pruning on the Usefulness of Dynamic Mug Book Procedures

Abstract

A recurrent problem for the legal system is persons claiming memory loss in relation to crime events of which they are suspected. In the present study, individuals were tested as perpetrators having first read a story about “themselves” stabbing another man to death. Participants' memory of the story was tested at three sessions (30 minutes, one week and three weeks later). The genuine memory of one group was tested at all three sessions, whilst a second group simulated memory impairments at the first session and a third group simulated memory impairments at the first two sessions. At the third test session, all three groups were tested on what they actually remembered. Results showed a decrease in memory after simulation of impaired memory, as compared with the controls, but repeated simulation did not seem to be of importance for free recall and recognition. It is suggested that people have specific ideas and conceptions about how memory and forgetting work, ideas that might be used when simulating memory impairments in order to deny guilt. Although one should be cautious when generalizing the findings to real life events, the results are considered to be of relevance within both the legal- and the memory theoretical frameworks.