Career Dimensions of Stalking Victimization and Perpetration

Prior literature concerning stalking, particularly in the field of criminology, finds wide variation in fundamental trends regarding stalking victimization and perpetration. There seems to be little consensus regarding when and how stalking is manifested. Furthermore, prior research to date has not addressed the etiology of stalking‐related behaviors by applying principles from criminal career research, including participation, frequency, onset, and duration. The present study builds upon prior research by addressing trends in age of onset for stalking victimization and perpetration, the duration of stalking‐related behaviors, and the relationship between those behaviors and other types of crime over the life course using primary data from a sample of young adults. Findings indicate that stalking victimization and perpetration share important career attribute similarities, and that self‐reported history of intimate partner violence and sexual assault are strongly associated with stalking outcomes.     

Prevalence and Characteristics of Co‐Offending Recruiters

Previous examinations of co‐offending have identified a subset of high‐rate offenders who commit crimes with a large number of co‐offenders, most of whom are younger and less criminally experienced. These so‐called “recruiters” are of particular interest to researchers and practitioners, because of their potential role in facilitating offending onset and recidivism among their co‐offenders. In this paper, data on 61,646 individuals detected by a large UK police force are used to identify offenders who fitted the recruiter profile, and to compare their individual and offending characteristics with those of non‐recruiters. In total, 86 recruiters were identified. In multivariate analyses, recruiters were found to be older than non‐recruiters and were typically involved in property crimes. In addition, they tended to offend in criminal groups that were more heterogeneous and stable than non‐recruiters. These findings suggest that a small but identifiable group of recruiters can be detected using official data and that these individuals may be important targets for police attention and court treatment.     

Opening the Black Box of Officer Decision-Making: An Examination of Race,Criminal History,and Discretionary Searches

Recent evidence suggests that police officers engage in discretionary searches of minority citizens at a disproportionate rate; however, the impact of citizen criminal history on this relationship is largely unknown. Using the theoretical framework of officer suspicion, this study examines the impact of citizen race on the likelihood of a discretionary search and whether this relationship is mediated by citizen criminal history. A series of multilevel models were computed on officer-initiated traffic stops in a manner that conforms to Baron and Kenny's recommendations to test for mediation effects. Results indicated that while citizen race was predictive of a discretionary search, this effect was mediated by consideration of criminal history. These findings have implications for understanding the decision-making process of officers, the influence of citizen race on these decisions, and the role of officer suspicion in police-citizen encounters.     

打击犯罪与保护人权的艰难平衡——评刑诉法修正案中侦查程序部分中的争议问题

现行刑诉法自 $141 年制定后于今迎来了第二次大面积修改。针对此次修改,尤其是对有关侦查程序的修改,有人忧虑其是刑诉法条款倒退的表现。通过对秘密拘留和逮捕、传唤和拘传时间的延长、技术侦查措施的引入和沉默权与如实供述这四个方面进行理性分析并提出完善建议,指出此次修正案在侦查程序的修改中,兼顾了打击犯罪和保护人权两方面,整体上是有进步的。对于其不细致、不周全、有矛盾而可能导致实施者自由裁量权滥用的地方,需要进行合理的完善。     

刑事诉讼指定管辖制度之完善

刑事诉讼中的指定管辖,其目的是保障司法公正,实践中发挥了积极作用,但也有一定弊端,如适用随意性较大,指定侦查管辖于法无据,公、检、法在指定管辖上不能有效衔接,公民的管辖异议权与指定管辖申请权不受尊重等。存在的问题与我国特有的分工负责,互相配合,互相制约的制度结构,以及司法权集体行使的特殊形式有关。改革完善该制度,在模式设定上,仍应以审判为基点,同时明确侦查阶段的指定管辖并允许检察机关监督。审判中的指定管辖应由检察机关提出,由人民法院审查决定。在指导思想上,坚持程序法定原则,慎重适用指定管辖;坚持管辖便利原则,指定地点应当方便办案。在制度完善方面,需要明确指定管辖的适用范围;明确指定管辖的相关主体、考量因素及决定程序;合理设置指定管辖的具体程序,确认公民的管辖异议权与管辖申请权并予以保障。     

凯尔森的国际法治理论及其现实意义

随着全球化程度的不断深入,对和平与安全的期盼使得国际法治成为国际社会的理想与目标。为了建立以和平为目标的国际法律秩序,凯尔森提出了国际法治理论,即通过有强制管辖权的国际法院和确立个人违反国际法的责任来构建世界和平。本文将以此为基础,探讨凯尔森的国际法治理论对国际刑事秩序法治化所具有的现实意义,分析国际刑事法院在实现国际刑事法治化过程中面临的政治制约因素,以期国际刑事法治和国际法治的进一步完善和发展。     

论未成年人附条件不起诉制度——以《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法修正案》为视角

《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法修正案》第271条至273条专门规定了未成年人附条件不起诉制度,但还存在适用案件范围过窄、适用程序条件不明确、考察机制不合理的缺陷。在司法实践中,社会调查报告制度、考察帮教机制、刑事和解制度、监督制约机制对于充分发挥未成年人附条件不起诉制度的功能具有重要作用。     

宽严相济刑事政策的展开

宽严相济刑事政策具有开放的空间,但需要立法者、司法者和执行者在刑法基本原则的制约之下展开其具体内容。宽严相济刑事政策应当首先作为刑事立法政策指导刑事立法,而刑事立法政策、刑事司法政策和刑事执行政策应当放在整体的刑事社会政策中考察,在有关犯罪人人权保障和被害人被害补偿的刑事社会政策中进一步展开宽严相济的刑事政策。     

我国洗钱犯罪立法剖析

控制和惩治洗钱犯罪是包括我国在内的国际社会的共同任务。我国现行刑法关于洗钱罪的规定存在诸多不足,需要进一步加以完善。本文参照国际公约的有关规定,结合我国的国情,就我国反洗钱刑事立法的完善提出建议。     

Climate resilience in fragile and conflict-affected societies: concepts and approaches

To understand resilience to climate and environmental changes in fragile and conflict-affected societies is particularly important but equally challenging. In this paper, we first develop a conceptual framework to explore the climate-fragility-conflict and climate-resilience-peace nexus. Second, we discuss approaches to promote pathways from climatic changes to peace. We draw on the relevant literature and International Alert's experience in fragile and conflict-affected societies to stress the key role of resilience. To build resilience, climate, development, peacebuilding, and government actors would have to overcome bureaucratic and institutional barriers and cooperate across thematic and regional silos.