构建我国单位犯罪刑罚体系的思路

我国刑法对单位犯罪中犯罪单位的处罚只规定了罚金刑。单一的罚金刑对于单位犯罪的惩罚和预防均显得有些力不从心。在以自然人为适用对象的刑罚体系基础上,构建以犯罪单位为适用对象的刑罚体系十分必要。其主要由刑事破产、执业禁止和停业整顿等主刑以及罚金、没收财产和剥夺荣誉称号等附加刑两部分构成。     

“宽严相济”与“两极化”之辨析

我国的宽严相济刑事政策与美国的两极化刑事政策在生成背景、基本含义、精神实质等方面都有显著区别,不宜混淆。两极化刑事政策的生成背景是矫正刑运动的危机及其反动,其基本含义是重重和轻轻二元分立、两极分化,其精神实质是重刑主义。而宽严相济刑事政策的生成背景是对严打刑事政策的反思和纠正,其基本含义是根据犯罪的严重程度和犯罪人的人身危险性大小实行宽区别对待、宽严互济、互补,其精神实质是宽严适度、侧重宽缓。     

美国宪法性刑事诉讼法：意旨、构造与启示

美国宪法性刑事诉讼法是美国联邦最高法院以宪法文本及宪政精神为理据,在特定的刑事诉讼案件的裁判过程中,经由司法判决而延伸出来的一套基本权保障与救济机制。它与宪法存在紧密关系,但又与宪法不同构,有着自身的意旨与构造。西法可鉴,研究美国宪法性刑事诉讼法对当前我国刑诉法研究的纵深发展有很大的启示。     

“恶意欠薪”刑法规制必要性思考

恶意欠薪作为一种较为突出的社会现象,严重侵犯劳动者合法权益,破坏劳资关系,激化社会矛盾,如不及时遏制,将严重影响社会治安秩序的稳定,也不利于经济建设的顺利进行.如果将恶意欠薪纳入刑法规制的轨道,是法律公平公正的体现,既顺应民意,具有坚实的事实依据与法律依据,又符合世界潮流,用刑法的方法制裁与防范恶意欠薪行为是非常必要的...     

Motivation in humanitarian health workers: a self-determination theory perspective

This paper emerged from the authors' interest in why humanitarian health workers initially engage and remain in humanitarian work, often in the face of threats to safety and personal well-being. Semi-structured qualitative interviews assessed the consciously available reasons why individuals engaged in humanitarian health work. Interview data was unpacked through a thematic analysis. Using self-determination theory as a guiding framework, data suggested introjected and identified motivations are applicable to this occupational domain. Introjected motivation is implicated in initial reasons to engage the work, while identified motivation is implicated in reasons to continue. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Motivation parmi les travailleurs humanitaires dans le domaine de la santé : un point de vue basé sur la théorie de l'autodétermination

Cet article a émané de l'intérêt de l'auteur concernant les raisons pour lesquelles les travailleurs humanitaires dans le domaine de la santé s'engagent initialement et continuent de travailler dans l'humanitaire, souvent malgré les menaces qui pèsent sur leur sécurité et sur leur bien-être personnel. Des entretiens qualitatifs semi-structurés ont permis d'évaluer les raisons consciemment disponibles qui expliquent que certaines personnes se soient engagées dans le travail humanitaire dans le domaine de la santé. Les données obtenues grâce aux entretiens ont été examinées au moyen d'une analyse thématique. En prenant la théorie d'autodétermination comme cadre d'orientation, les données ont suggéré que des motivations introjectées et identifiées sont applicables à ce domaine professionnel. La motivation introjectée intervient dans les raisons initiales de s'engager dans ce type de travail, tandis que la motivation identifiée intervient dans les raisons de continuer. Les implications théoriques et pratiques de ces conclusions font l'objet d'une discussion.

Motivação para Trabalhadores Humanitários da Área da Saúde: Uma Perspectiva da Teoria da Auto-Determinação

Este artigo surgiu do interesse dos autores em saber por que os trabalhadores humanitários da área da saúde engajam-se inicialmente e depois permanecem no trabalho humanitário, frequentemente enfrentando ameaças à segurança e bem-estar pessoal. Entrevistas qualitativas semiestruturadas avaliaram as razões dos indivíduos engajarem-se no trabalho humanitário na área da saúde, razões estas conscientemente apresentadas. Dados da entrevista foram processados através de uma análise temática. Utilizando a teoria da auto-determinação como estrutura de orientação, os dados sugeriram que as motivações introjetadas e identificadas são aplicáveis a este domínio ocupacional. A motivação introjetada está associada às razões iniciais de se engajar no trabalho, enquanto a motivação identificada está associada às razões de se permanecer no trabalho. As implicações teóricas e práticas destes resultados são discutidas.

La motivación en los trabajadores humanitarios de salud: una perspectiva de la teoría de la autodeterminación

Este ensayo surgió del interés de los autores en cómo los trabajadores humanitarios de salud inician su trabajo y permanecen en él a pesar de las frecuentes amenazas a su seguridad y bienestar personal. Las entrevistas cualitativas semiestructuradas realizadas revelaron las razones enunciadas conscientemente de porqué los individuos participan en el trabajo humanitario en salud. Se evaluaron las entrevistas a través de un análisis temático. Utilizando la teoría de la autodeterminación como marco, las entrevistas sugieren la existencia de motivaciones tanto introyectadas como identificadas en este ámbito de trabajo. La motivación introyectada se refiere a las razones para iniciar el trabajo y la motivación identificada a las razones para seguir en él. El ensayo examina las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de estos resultados.     

The Relationship Between Deprivation and Forensic Material Recovered from Stolen Vehicles: Is it Affected by Vehicle Condition and Tidiness?

Previous research has shown that as crime scene location deprivation increases (lower socioeconomic status), the recovery of forensic material, principally DNA and fingerprints, also increases. However, this increase does not result in more crimes being solved by forensic means. In this study, we analyze stolen vehicle data and find a statistically significant positive association between deprivation and the amount of forensic material that matched either the victim or an associate of the victim on a criminal database. The nature of this association was investigated further by inspecting recovered stolen vehicles to establish whether the condition of a stolen vehicle and the tidiness of its interior influenced the recovery of forensic material that was attributed to the victim or an associate. Contradictory results suggest that other factors may contribute to understanding the association between the recovery of victim- or associate-attributable forensic material and crime scene location deprivation.     

So-called Spontaneous Human Combustion

A well-documented case of so-called Spontaneous Human Combustion is reported. Review of the literature shows that these strange observations have been reported since the 17th century, even in famous novels. There are several main features that may lead to help the diagnosis: the vicinity of the body is intact or nearly intact, some parts of the body are turned into ashes (usually the middle third of the body), whereas other parts are intact or nearly intact, burning of the body usually occurs postmortem, the cause of death is usually natural, there is often (but not always) high concentrations of blood alcohol, there is a source of heat near the body. It is indispensable to rule out a homicide by the examination of the body in situ, the autopsy, the toxicological and histopathological samples, the arson assessment, and a thorough police inquiry.     

论刑事司法实践中的民意影响

本文结合典型案例从刑事司法实践中的案件事实认定、法律适用以及裁判执行三个方面,详细探讨民意的影响,并剖析其中原因,认为民意的感性化和情绪化并不一定构成司法警惕民意的理由。但是为了维护法律的权威、促进司法的公平正义,司法绝不能仅仅为了获取社会公众的认同而盲目顺从民意,必须始终坚持法律至上原则,与民意保持适当距离,对民意的考量只能在法官的自由裁量权范围内进行。     

当代中国环境犯罪刑法立法及其完善研究

从1979年第一部《刑法》出台到1997年新《刑法》修订,再到2011年《刑法修正案(八)》)颁布,中国环境犯罪刑法立法不断补充修正,形成了中国环境刑法的基本规范与格局。目前,中国环境犯罪刑法立法在立法体例、罪名体系和刑罚处罚等方面都存在一些不足,亟待立法的进一步完善。首先,要确立科学的环境犯罪刑法立法体例,将刑法典分则第六章第六节规定的环境犯罪罪名从该章中独立出来,单独成立一章,并将分散在刑法典各章节中有关环境犯罪的规定纳入其中;其次,中国环境犯罪急需增设以下5个罪名,以完善环境犯罪的罪名体系,即破坏草原罪、破坏湿地罪、虐待动物罪、破坏自然保护区罪和抗拒环保行政监督管理罪;再次,应完善环境犯罪罪名的构成要件要素,扩张环境犯罪对象的范围、扩展危害行为的类型。最后,应完善环境犯罪的刑罚适用原则和刑罚适用种类。     

论民事诉讼申请再审期间制度之重构——以《民事诉讼法》修改为背景

《民事诉讼法》的修订在即,再审制度的完善仍然是本次修法的焦点。申请再审期间制度是再审制度的重要内容,也是考量再审制度设置合理化、规范化的重要问题。目前,我国现有申请再审期间的规定被学者们广为诟病,在实践中也不利于申诉滥情形的治理,故在本次《民事诉讼法》修订时,对该制度进行重构势在必行。