Municipal population size and the benefits of inter-municipal cooperation: panel data evidence from Japan

ABSTRACT

Intermunicipal cooperation (IMC) facilitates efficient public service delivery. This study measures how the benefits municipalities gain through IMC differ according to municipal population size and service provision type. Focusing on public health and fire protection services, this study employs panel data regression for 1,706 Japanese municipalities over a five-year period, 2012–2017. This study has several major findings. First, an increase in the IMC spending ratio reduces public spending in both the studied services. Second, the marginal effect of IMC varies depending on the size of the municipal population. More specifically, the marginal effect of IMC on public health has a narrow confidence interval with a wide ranging population scale, while the marginal effect of IMC on fire protection produces negative values for only 151 municipalities due to extensive standard error. These findings can help municipalities take advantage of IMC to improve public service delivery.     

统计学方法在微量物证数据处理中的应用

统计学方法在微量物证理化检验工作中受到越来越多的重视,采用有效的统计学方法对检验数据进行分析,不仅能够深度挖掘复杂数据背后信息,还能不断提高数据的应用价值和证据本身的证据价值。本文对目前微量物证领域常用统计学方法进行归纳总结,简要介绍了常用统计方法的应用,对各类方法优缺点进行说明。最后,对法庭科学工作者都比较感兴趣的贝叶斯统计与似然比方法在理化检验数据统计分析中的应用进行了介绍。     

国内外舆情治理研究热点及趋势分析

以CNKI和Web of science核心数据库收录2002-1-1至2019-12-31文献为研究样本,运用Cite Space软件及文献计量方法,通过国内外文献样本对比研究,分析舆情治理领域研究起源、演化路径、热点及研究趋势。发现:已有的国内外研究热点主要集中在网络舆情演化机理的探讨和分析,使用大数据技术对网络舆情分析、研判、预测和预警,网络舆情监管和治理这三个方面;国外舆情治理的研究趋势是舆情演化影响因素分析、社交媒体情感行为分析和大数据网络舆情技术研究;国内舆情治理研究趋势是舆情信息分析研究、舆情的管理及公共政策制定研究、大数据驱动的隐私保护机制、利益相关者及信息生态研究。研究结论对舆情治理领域科学研究和实践应用具有一定的参考价值。     

On the Legal Regulation of Algorithms

Increasingly, algorithms challenge legal regulations, and also challenge the right to explanation, personal privacy and freedom, and individual equal protection. As decision-making mechanisms for human-machine interaction, algorithms are not value-neutral and should be legally regulated. Algorithm disclosure, personal data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination are traditional regulatory methods relating to algorithms, but mechanically using these methods presents difficulties in feasibility and desirability. Algorithm disclosure faces difficulties such as technical infeasibility, meaningless disclosure, user gaming and intellectual property right infringement. And personal data empowerment faces difficulties such as personal difficulty in exercising data rights and excessive personal data empowerment, making it difficult for big data and algorithms to operate effectively. Anti-algorithmic discrimination faces difficulties such as non-machine algorithmic discrimination, impossible status neutrality, and difficult realization of social equality. Taking scenarios of algorithms lightly is the root cause of the traditional algorithm regulation path dilemma. Algorithms may differ in attributes due to specific algorithmic subjects, objects and domains involved. Therefore, algorithm regulation should be developed and employed based on a case-by-case approach to the development of accountable algorithms. Following these development principles, specific rules can be enacted to regulate algorithm disclosure, data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination.     

高级领导干部腐败犯罪的“大数据画像”及廉洁治理对策——基于十八大以来125个腐败案例的实证分析

全面从严治党向纵深发展迫切需要总结腐败的规律性特征,提升当前和下一阶段反腐败工作的精准性、科学性和及时性。党的十八大以来,部分高级领导干部的政治腐败、经济腐败、生活腐败相互交织,具有明显的主体特征、时间特征、空间特征、类型特征,汇聚而成高级领导干部腐败犯罪的“大数据画像”。政治权力异化内因、政治生态恶化诱因和政治监督弱化外因是腐败犯罪生成的重要原因。强化腐败惩治增强“不敢腐”的法治震慑,优化腐败预防增强“不能腐”的机制保障,改进廉政教育增强“不想腐”的政治自觉,一体推进廉洁治理。     

基于Web服务的数据上传

随着Web的迅速普及和跨平台需求的日益增加，Web Services的应用也越来越广，人们有时要通过Web Services来传递大批量的数据信息。基于Web服务的数据上传方法，有效地克服了端对端通信方法受防火墙限制的缺陷，实际应用效果很好。     

电子政务在停车设施行业管理中的试点应用

介绍了公共停车场登记备案系统的结构和功能 ,同时指出 ,该系统的投入使用 ,将为公共停车场的登记备案和管理工作奠定重要的技术基础     

当前基层情报实战部门面临的问题及思考

公安大情报系统是以信息化应用为支撑,以情报信息研判为主要内容,以服务于警务决策为主要目标的情报系统。当前,该系统在建设发展中还存在着几个突出问题,如情报采集报送不及时、数据质量参差不齐、信息整合欠缺、部分民警情报意识不强等等。对此,必须从组织制度建设上、体制机制上、网络技术上以及教育培训上下功夫才能切实发挥出情报工作服务决策、引领实战的职能作用。     

大数据时代司法统计在审判管理中的应用

保障司法统计数据的精确、真实,要求司法统计方法进一步完善,这就要求科技发展能够促进司法统计的发展。科学的统计方法要求能够解决司法统计数据孤立、统计报表报送滞后的问题,并完善审判质效评估体系、创新海量数据挖掘分析机制,最终为司法审判工作服务。     

Introducing the International System(s) Dataset (ISD), 1816–2011

We argue that the Correlates of War dataset on sovereign state membership has two weaknesses: a requirement that states maintain diplomatic relations with Britain and France, and a size inconsistency that disqualifies many mid-sized states in the pre-1920 period. As a consequence, entire state systems are excluded from the data, and the total number of states during the nineteenth century is undercounted. After reviewing two other approaches to identifying states, we offer an alternative set of criteria that identifies 100 completely new cases, and a total of 363 states between 1816 and 2011. These modifications reveal several previously overlooked patterns. Most importantly, the global trend in the number of states over time is concave. From a high of 134 in 1816, states declined precipitously in the mid-nineteenth century through the processes of accession, conquest, and unification. This pattern of state consolidation bottomed out in 1912, and states have proliferated since 1945. However, the pattern of state death and state birth varied by region in the nineteenth century. Whereas the state systems of South Asia and Southeast Asia experienced a steady reduction in the number of states, Africa underwent a more dynamic process of state formation, consolidation, and death.