Fiji Economy: Muddling Through

Abstract

Twenty-five years since the first military coup in 1987, Fiji continues to muddle through both politically and economically. The promise of a general election under a race-free constitution remains the fervent hope of all citizens. Economically the country continues to slide downwards, reflected in poor economic growth in 2010 and 2011. A poor level of private sector investment remains a feature of the macroeconomic picture, and it is unlikely to change for the foreseeable future. This article provides an overview of the Fiji economy and reflections on future prospects.     

The Monetisation of Consent and its Limits: Explaining Political Dominance and Decline in Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Malaysia’s 14th General Election in 2018 toppled the Barisan Nasional government after six decades in power. Barisan Nasional’s longevity was due to its performance legitimacy and a capacity to manipulate electoral mechanisms. However, it was the use of money in eliciting consent that led to a political change. This article traces how sustaining the dominance of the Barisan Nasional under Najib Razak used a strategy which we term the monetisation of consent. However, when monetising consent loses its efficacy, political dominance is challenged. We discuss why and how manufacturing consent through the use of money has its limits when regime legitimacy is challenged. Intense political competition on the electoral terrain from 2008 and the multiplication of Malay-Muslim political parties induced Najib’s greater personal grip on state funds to gain political support. This resulted in the Najib regime’s kleptocratic turn. Beyond the disbursement of largesse to political power brokers and business elites, his government monetised consent as a populist strategy. The reduced efficacy of electoral manipulation made the monetisation of consent imperative for regime survival but the use of money and unpopular fiscal policies, which deprived citizens of disposable income, led to a legitimacy crisis and the Barisan Nasional’s defeat.     

秦汉律所见“质钱”考辨

关于秦汉律所见"质钱",现有的契税说与抵押(或担保)之钱说,均存在疑点,难以成立。"质"是秦汉律中债的一种担保方式。以《说文》"以物质钱"的解释为据,并参照文献所见南北朝时期有关质钱的记载,可以推测,秦汉律所见"质钱"是因官府(债权人)占有民(债务人)之物以保证其借贷而产生的,是官府在借贷期限届满时所收到的、由民交来的款项(本钱与子钱之和)。中国古代"以物为质"担保制度的出现,因此被提前到战国时期秦律之中。由此可以窥见早期中国法中担保制度及其在当时社会运行实况之一斑。     

Enter the dragon: the ecological disorganisation of Chinese capital in Africa

This article draws on the theory and recent research on ‘ecological disorganization’- defined as ‘the ways in which human preferences for organizing economic production consistent with the objectives of capitalism are an inherent contradiction with the health of the ecological system’- to explore the ‘corporate violence’ apropos of Chinese investment in Africa. In line with other ecological disorganization theorists, we show how the deployment of Chinese capital in Africa structures and reproduces subjectivation, but also how, ultimately, this subjectivation is implicated in Africa’s ecological disorganization.     

对河北建设文化大省的财政政策之思考

文化业作为21世纪的朝阳产业,涵盖领域涉及第一、二、三产业,经营性的文化产业、公益性的文化事业建设都离不开财政政策支持。河北要建设文化大省其财政政策选择要做到:强化公共财政意识;以文化工程投入为重点;进一步拓宽文化投融资渠道;组建创业投资基金和建立产业园区。     

论代理问题与公司治理

公司治理结构是建立现代企业制度的核心问题之一。代理关系是公司治理问题产生的一个条件，与公司治理存在着密切的关系。代理关系问题产生的最重要的原因是劳动分工，代理收益大于代理成本是代理关系不断得以拓展的前提。所有权主体多元化与经营管理要求一元化存在着矛盾，如果公司进行外部融资，也必然产生了代理问题，并对公司治理产生一定的影响。     

THE AUSTRALIAN CHILD SUPPORT AGENCY:

The Australian Child Support Agency is recognized as a world leader in the delivery of child support services. But the rapid growth in debt between 1998 and 2003 signaled a need to develop strategies to counter the growth in owed child support. A Debt Study was undertaken in late 2002 to establish the collectibility of debt by category of cases with debt, search for the most cost-effective methods of debt collection, and determine if other client and debt segmentation methods were warranted. The success of the Debt Study led to the implementation of the Intensive Debt Collection strategy in 2003–04.     

论债权总则给付障碍法的体系进路

给付障碍法,也就是通常所称的债务不履行或者违约,是民法典债法总则中的核心法律制度。传统上一般以障碍原因为给付障碍法律体系的构成进路。积极侵害债权的出现和缔约过失责任范围的扩大则预示了传统进路体系上的断裂和缺陷。而现代意义上的法律效果进路(又称救济进路)正是在这一背景下产生的:无论是当前在国际上采用的《联合国买卖法》或者是《国际商事合同原则》,又抑或是区域性质的《欧洲合同法原则》,又抑或是民族国家的《德国现代化债法》,全部都采取的是这一体系进路。未来的中国民法典也应当采取这一无需再行检验的现代“经典”进路。     

论票据支付与原因关系债权之消灭

票据支付与原因关系债权的关系如何，理论界对此似有通说，作者认为需商榷，认为首先应将此关系放在两种情形下讨论。在第一种情形下，由于当事人在原因关系之债中的明确约定使得票据的支付导致原因债权的消灭，比较简单。更值得探讨的是在第二种情形下，当事人对于清偿既存原因之债的方式未作任何约定，那么支付票据将会对原因债权产生什么影响？文章以为支付票据亦会消灭原因债权，但真正对原因债权产生影响的不是票据的支付，而是在当事人间多是通过默示达成的票据债权清偿协议。文章进一步认为该协议的性质应该是代物清偿，并提出该协议的具体适用方法，即债权人必须先用尽票据上的权利，才能行使非票据上的权利。     

创新财务管理 提升企业竞争力

创新机制,激发活力.企业经济效益好坏有外部因素也有内部因素,但主要是由企业内部因素决定的.企业只有转变机制,转变观念,适应市场经济发展的需要,加强企业技术进步和技术创新,加强企业内部管理,建立有效的内部管理机制,生产出高质量、低成本,适应市场需要的产品,才能提高企业经济效益.