农村教育融资问题研究

农村基础教育作为准公共品 ,具有很大的正外部性或者“邻里效应”。政府应该在全国农村保障提供满足最低标准的基础教育产品 ,市场则可以根据公民的差别需求和偏好提供同样满足最低标准的、非平均化的差别产品。从中国财政资金总量来看 ,农村义务教育问题不是财政资金供给严重不足问题 ,而是财政资金分配严重不合理问题。设计一种合理的转移支付制度可以从根本上解决农村教育融资问题。     

我国民营企业融资问题初探

当前 ,我国民营企业正逐渐发展成为经济增长的主要力量 ,但长期以来 ,融资难的问题始终是制约其迅速发展的“瓶颈”。因而 ,必须从国家、社会发展的全局的角度出发 ,进一步深化各项改革 ,切实解决好我国民营企业融资困难问题 ,大力促进民营经济进一步发展     

Media in the Western Balkans: who controls the past controls the future

ABSTRACT

The contribution assesses the role of the media in respect to democratization and EU accession in the countries of the Western Balkans (WB) and the development of press freedom over the long run. The author closely analyses the legislative framework and its implementation in practice and focuses in particular on the economic and political pressure on the media in the region. The article offers three arguments to explain the bad shape of media freedom in the Balkans: structural factors (state advertisements as the main source of income, economic tycoons close to incumbents as media owners), proximate or external factors (the deteriorating level of media freedom in some EU countries and the whole WB region, with an accent on stability rather than democracy) and political-societal dynamics (defamation and libel as means to punish journalists, verbal and physical assaults on journalists). The media in the WB region do not serve as the watchdog of democracy but are instead used as a means to reinforce illiberal regimes.     

以理财形式受贿司法认定疑难问题

司法机关应当在全面理解最新受贿罪司法解释的基础上作出受贿犯罪的定性判断与数额计算,不能直接排除国家工作人员实际出资获取收益未明显超过应得收益行为的受贿性质。通过对利润真实性质的考察与例外情况排除受贿故意,能够从正反双重层面准确把握“明显高于应得收益”的司法认定。不能将接受具有高度风险性的证券、期货等收益机会认定为受贿。     

欧洲主权债务危机的反思及其对东亚货币合作的启示

始于希腊波及欧洲多国的欧洲主权债务危机,不仅威胁欧元区的经济复苏,使欧元区的内在弊端暴露无遗,而且还引发人们对欧洲一体化进程和最优货币区理论的反思,为其他地区经济货币合作特别是东亚货币合作提供诸多启示。     

吉林省发行中小企业集合债券的可行性研究

新形势下的经济政策使资本市场融资功能和地方债的发行逐渐恢复,但对于中小企业来说解决资金需求仍是难题。我国企业债券市场发展步入新阶段,中小企业集合债券作为我国债券市场的新品种,已在国内成功发行五家中小企业集合债券。在当前经济形式下吉林省应积极利用国家政策,促进吉林省中小企业的健康发展,发行中小企业集合债券,拓宽融资渠道,促进吉林省经济的发展和产业调整。     

《民法典》夫妻共同债务构成法理基础论

关于夫妻共同债务构成的法理基础,现有法律、司法解释的规定基本存在两个范畴:一个是物权法财产共同共有理论,并试图把婚姻家庭内部行为与外部行为区别开来,提出夫妻共同财产包括积极财产和消极财产(消极财产即夫妻共同债务),该理论的核心是"财产共有则债务共担".另一个是"法律行为理论",其影响夫妻共同债务构成最主要的是夫妻双方有...     

中小企业融资的风险及对策分析

中小企业是推动国民经济发展,构造市场经济主体,促进社会稳定的基础力量。在中小企业经营与发展中,融资问题一直是困扰中小企业发展的关键因素。因此,研究中小企业融资的风险情况,对于管理者来说是不可或缺的。本文将基于中小企业的主要特征和现状,分析中小企业融资过程中面临的主要风险形态,探讨通过提高融资效率来规避融资风险的问题。     

The impact of revenue diversification on municipal debts: comparing short-term and long-term debt levels

The extant literature has offered two competitive implications of revenue diversification: revenue stabilisation and fiscal illusion. Stabilisation helps governments have less revenue volatility, while fiscal illusion expands tax burdens through the increase in expenditure. The competitive views on revenue diversification leave a niche to explore the association between revenue diversification and debt levels in local governments. We estimate the static and dynamic effects of revenue diversification on both short-term and long-term debt levels in 150 fiscally standardised cities. Our findings show that local governments with greater revenue diversification are more likely to reduce short-term debts while expanding long-term debts. The findings imply that a stabilised revenue structure helps local governments better manage operational budgets but also invest in capital projects with greater debt capacity.     

On‐Bill Financing Programs to Support Low‐Carbon Energy Technologies: An Agent‐Oriented Assessment

On‐bill financing (OBF) schemes have been welcomed as innovative mechanisms for encouraging the adoption of low‐carbon energy technologies. Yet while the potential effects of these schemes have received growing attention, less is known about their actual performance. Departing from New Institutional Economics and insights from Behavioral Economics, this theory‐driven assessment examines the How$mart^® program in Kansas (United States) and the Green Deal in the United Kingdom. The study identifies the mechanisms designed to trigger behavioral change and technology adoption. We focus on market agents, and related market failures and behavioral anomalies that often prevent energy efficiency improvements. The paper adds to our theoretical and empirical understanding of public and utility‐driven OBF programs applied to the residential sector. Our findings suggest that simple, carefully designed on‐bill programs, where the financing of efficient technologies takes the form of a service rather than a loan, are more effective for the diffusion of low‐carbon energy technology and the reduction of transaction costs. At the same time, on bill‐financing schemes challenge the core business of utilities, and given the complexities and dynamics of energy efficiency markets and energy use, other policy interventions are needed.