有关WTO规则在我国适用的若干法律问题

我国加入世界贸易组织已有数年。但WTO规则究竟应怎样在我国国内予以适用与实施的问题,至今为止,理论界尚无定谳,立法上更无统一、明确的规定,最近通过的宪法修正案亦未提及。不过,在这一问题上,该组织其他成员方在立法与实践中的诸多做法,将无疑为我国立法机关和司法部门提供有益的参考与借鉴。     

加入WTO对中国行政法制的挑战与改革

本文深入地论证了加入WTO对中国政府现行的行政管理机制所产生的巨大而深刻的影响。认为加入WTO不仅仅是个经济问题 ,而且也是一个政治的和法律的问题 ,从一定意义上讲 ,更是一个政府加入WTO及其政府管理的行政法制问题。文章在系统分析了当代中国政府管理的行政法制面临WTO规则所提出的严峻挑战的基础上 ,从五个方面提出了改革和完善中国政府的行政法制的相应对策。     

A Selection of Empirical Socio-Economic Research with Respect to the Functioning of Legal Rules and Institutions in Belgium and the Netherlands

In this paper some studies with respect to empirical socio-economic research which has been undertaken in Belgium and the Netherlands concerning the functioning of legal rules and institutions are discussed. The paper focuses on the domains of criminal law, civil procedure, liability and insurance. The paper argues that contrary to the overwhelming economic literature on liability and insurance, the empirical results in that domain are poor. More research is undertaken in the area of criminal law and apparently it is overwhelming in the area of civil procedure. The latter studies are, however, mainly undertaken by socio-legal scholars and less by economists. The general conclusion of the empirical studies discussed seems to be that while the empirical literature on the effect of changes in the decision making environment on rational actions in the legal system is rich and provocative, there is much less empirical testing of the effects of legal rules as such on allocational outcomes. The paper argues that much more effort should be devoted to the latter issue.     

虚假“认罪认罚”之甄别--以经验法则的运用为视角

经验法则是审查核实犯罪嫌疑人、被告人认罪认罚是否真实的不可或缺的依据和方法。司法实务中,运用经验法则判定认罪认罚是否真实时,应当注意防范经验法则的盖然性、丰富性特征潜在的诱发错判的风险,并从认罪认罚的"三性"(即自愿性、真实性和合法性)契入,重点审查核实所引依据是否经验法则、所引经验法则是否与待定事项对应和是否存在例外情形,应高度重视程序合法情形下认罪认罚的真实性审查,避免发生"罪从供定"和忽视收集、审查供述之外的其他证据的情形。     

简单合并立法就可以吗？——评民法典草案第84条船舶碰撞法律适用规范

船舶碰撞是典型的海上侵权行为,其原因的复杂性和后果的严重性都超出了一般民法所调整的范围,所以各国海商法中都有专门的章节调整船舶碰撞法律关系.但各国碰撞实体法在船舶外延、碰撞种类、赔偿范围等方面都有较大的不同,而国际上有关碰撞的公约及其调整范围都非常有限,所以涉外船舶碰撞准据法的确定仍有赖于各国冲突规范的指引.通过考察部分国家冲突规范和有关国际公约的规定,比较我国民法典草案第84条涉外船舶碰撞法律适用条款,分析该条款存在的问题,并借鉴其他国家成熟的立法经验提出相关的立法建议.     

On the Design of Efficient Priority Rules for Secured Creditors: Empirical Evidence from A Change in Law

This article assesses the effect of a reduction in secured creditor priority on distributions and administrative costs in liquidating bankruptcy cases by reporting the first empirical study of the effect of a priority change. Priority reform had redistributive effects in liquidating bankruptcy. As expected, average payments to general unsecured creditors were significantly higher after the reform than before the reform and payments to secured creditors decreased. Reform did not increase the size of the pie to be distributed in bankruptcy. Nor did it increase the direct costs of bankruptcy.JEL Classification: K00, K20, G33     

侦查手段的适用原则

由于侦查权是国家赋予专门机关追诉犯罪活动的一种强制权,如果不加以规制,就有可能侵犯公民的合法权益。为此,对于侦查权的行使,尤其是侦查手段的使用,我国刑事诉讼法应明确概括并在具体条文设计中规定任意侦查原则、强制侦查令状原则、比例原则、禁止先行传讯原则。     

公文著作对国家行政机关公文讲解存在的不足

目前各类公文著述对国家行政机关公文讲解存在某些错误或不足之处。公文著述解释国家行政机关公文必须扣紧《国家行政机关公文处理办法》 ,吃透相关公文的规定 ;注意《办法》规定的适用范围     

论乡土社会的解纷规则及其优化配置

在乡土社会,人们依据各式各样的规则来解决彼此之间的冲突,制定法和习惯法、伦理道德、风俗习惯、宗教信仰等潜规则皆是被选择的对象。乡土社会的现实状况表明:如果将一切乡土冲突都强行纳入制定法的统辖范围,结果只会适得其反。因此,为了在乡土社会推行现代法治的同时不致破坏其秩序,就必须实现解纷规则的优化配置。     

我国行政诉讼全面审查制度再思考——法院对行政机关认定事实的态度分析

我国人民法院对行政机关认定事实采取怀疑或否定态度,对行政机关认定事实实行全面审查。英美法系国家法院对行政机关的事实认定采取尊重态度,对事实问题采用宽松的审查标准。大陆法系国家行政诉讼一般不区分事实问题和法律问题,都进行全面审查。我国应当重新思考人民法院的全面审查制度,对专业性和技术性强的行政案件,以及行政机关适用简易程序当场作出决定的案件,人民法院应当尊重行政机关对事实的认定。对一般案件事实,如果法律规定以具备某种性质为要件时,审查行政机关对事实性质的判断是否符合法律的规定。对于重大的或对当事人利益有重大影响的行政案件,进行全面审查。