走出关系社会的法治

我国社会正面临着走出关系社会的过程。关系社会的社会控制方式是以各种非正式制度为主。在关系社会转变的过程中 ,一方面社会需要建立法治 ,另一方面关系社会遗留的非正式制度仍然对社会产生着影响 ,某些部分和法治原则根本冲突 ,这是推行法治遭受阻力的原因。在我国的法治建设中应对非正式制度加以区别对待 ,不能过于妥协。     

How do voters perceive ideological congruence? The effects of winning and losing under different electoral rules

The degree of ideological congruence between citizens and their elected representatives is an important feature of democratic systems of government. A long tradition of literature has examined the ideological linkages between citizens and governments, often drawing attention to the differences (or lack thereof) in congruence across different types of electoral systems. Previous research has largely relied on aggregate-level measures of ideological congruence, such as the ideological distance between the position of the median voter and the government. We turn our attention here to how congruence relationships are perceived by individual voters, and how the perceptions of congruence may vary across electoral system types. This individual-level measure of ideological congruence is important in that individual-level, rather than aggregate-level, congruence has been shown to influence other outcomes such as citizen satisfaction with democratic performance. We expect electoral “winners” – those who voted for a party that entered government – to perceive greater ideological congruence between themselves and the government compared to electoral “losers”. We expect this effect to be stronger in majoritarian systems where political competition takes place primarily between two parties, than in proportional systems where electoral losers are more likely to receive a proportional share of representation. We test these expectations by estimating random-effects regressions of perceived individual-level congruence using data from 54 elections held in 23 democracies included in the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES). The results provide consistent support for our expectations. Electoral winners in all types of electoral systems perceive greater ideological congruence between themselves and the government, and this effect is stronger in majoritarian systems.     

我国公司制运作的法律思考

公司的高效运行是我国市场经济发展的基础 ,建立科学的公司法律制度是公司高效运行的法律保障。然而检讨我国现行公司立法却不难发现 ,公司立法所确立的许多法律制度与公司的运作机制存在错位 ,并在很大程度上阻碍着我国公司的发展。为此公司立法必须从根本上确立公司所有权制度和科学的产权结构、完善公司治理制度和激励机制。     

Réformes électorales et changements institutionnels dans un contexte de démocratisation. Le choix du scrutin uninominal sous la Troisième République en France

The article focus on the choice of the single member district voting system under the Third Republic based on an analysis of the parliamentary debates about three electoral laws (1875, 1889 and 1927). The aim is to study the interaction between the electoral interests of political actors, the stakes of democratization and the evolution of the political regime. We use the researches on democratization and electoral studies to question the consideration of context as a variable of analysis in electoral reforms. We demonstrate that the presence and the interweaving of the determinants of electoral reform depend on the context, which is preponderant in explaining the electoral system choice.     

Voting for locals: Voters’ information processing strategies in open-list PR systems

While most of the literature on information shortcuts in open-list PR systems focuses on the importance of ballot position effects, the influence of a candidate’s localness has widely been ignored by existing studies. In this paper, I address this research gap and argue that voting patterns in open-list PR systems are more versatile than existing research would suggest. By analyzing a special characteristic of the open-list PR system employed in the parliamentary elections of Hamburg, it is shown that a large portion of voters chooses to vote for local candidates irrespective of the ballot position of the candidate. The paper further controls for factors conditioning the effect and finds that it remains strong even after taking them into consideration. The results have important implications for the representativeness of open-list PR systems, ballot paper design, as well as for our understanding of voters’ decision making process.     

中西不同视域下的协商民主

中国的协商民主是社会主义民主政治的重要组成部分,具有自己的产生和发展逻辑.中西不同视域下的协商民主既存在本质上的区别,又有着民主价值目标所体现出的共性.正确认识和区分两种视域下的协商民主,是对协商民主进行深入研究的基本前提.     

党内民主建设：障碍因素与基本思路

改革开放以来，党在推进党内民主建设方面进行了不懈的努力，取得了一系列的成就，有力地促进了党的各项工作的开展。与实践发展的要求相比，现阶段推进党内民主建设还存在着一些障碍因素，如对党内民主概念的不同界定、民主和权利意识弱化、制度建设滞后等。因此，应努力促进党内民主的制度化和系统化，发挥党代会的作用，进一步完善党内选举制度和党内民主监督机制，促进党内民主的健康发展。     

Reinforcing or Breaking Party Systems? Internet Communication Technologies and Party Competition in Comparative Context

Many scholars speculate about the political implications of Internet proliferation. The Internet might, for example, open new channels of communication, which should benefit ideologically extreme and electorally small parties. On the other hand, the Internet might push party systems toward normalization, ultimately reinforcing the extant dominance of incumbent parties. We draw on data from 205 small and extreme parties in 35 countries and focus on both party- and system-level outcomes to investigate some of the most pressing research questions from this debate. We find that where party systems were previously concentrated or restrictive, Internet proliferation has no effect on votes for small and extreme parties. By contrast, in more permissive settings, Internet proliferation has had the small—but measurable—effect of driving up votes for these parties. At the level of the party system as a whole, however, we find little evidence that Internet proliferation increases either polarization or fragmentation.     

邓小平“一国两制”法律构想对解决台湾问题的现实意义

“一国两制”伟大构想是邓小平为解决台湾问题、实现祖国和平统一所提出的战略方针。“一国两制”在港澳问题上的成功实践，是其政治构想法律化的具体表现。香港、澳门回归后，在“一国两制”法律构想之下社会经济保持持续健康稳定发展。这为当今解决台湾问题，实现祖国的完全统一提供了极为重要的启示和指导意义。     

我国法律制度面对入世的挑战和回应

加入世界贸易组织将推进中国的法治进程,对我国法律制度产生了深远的影响,这种影响是全面、深刻、强烈的,我国现行法律制度面临巨大的外部压力。我国应有效把握这一机遇,因势利导,开展前瞻性研究,并正确作出回应,使我国法律制度与国际接轨。