The Transition to 'New' Social Democracy: The Role of Capitalism, Representation and (Hampered) Contestation

This article argues that existing accounts of the transformation from 'traditional' to 'new' social democracy has thus far only identified the contextual changes that have prompted this move. In doing so, they have failed to account for the motives of social democratic party actors in undertaking the transition to 'new' social democracy in response to those changes. The article draws upon a critical realist method, and Marxist and anti-representational theories, to conceptualise 'traditional' social democratic party relations as suffering from tensions between constituents' demands for decommodification, the attempt by party elites to contain (and thereby 'represent') those demands and the (in)compatibility of this process of containment with the need to recommodify social relations in the light of periodic crises in contemporary capitalism. It argues that these tensions explain the attempt by party elites to promote the move towards 'new' social democracy, the (eventual) acquiescence of party constituents to those attempts and the subsequent exit from social democratic constituencies which has resulted. The argument is made with reference to the British Labour Party and Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).     

股东会决议无效的公司法解释

股东会决议无效是公司法上的特殊现象,在立法上宜做缜密细致的特别规定。然而,公司法和“公司法解释四”表述简约,在决议无效判断标准上诱发众多理论和实务分歧。我国就股东会决议效力规制,经历了从英美法向大陆法模式的转型。前者以1993年公司法第111条为代表,关注对股东会决议实施的控制;后者以公司法第22条为核心,强调对股东会决议形成的控制。在现行法下,对股东会决议无效规则的解释,不应采用概念法学分析路径,不宜搬用法律行为规则或侵权责任法的分析路径,应当尽力回归公司法解释路径,也即,斟酌公司关系的安定性、决议形成的程序性和效力控制的时间性,达成维护公司关系安定性与消除决议违法性的双重目标。在认定股东会决议违法无效时,应当从决议无效的本质出发,重视决议无效与撤销规则在适用中的交叉和互动,将违反公司本质、违反公司民主参与规则、违反强制性规定和违反公序良俗,作为股东会决议无效的一般法定事由。     

Solving the security–democracy dilemma: the US foreign policy in Tunisia post-9/11

Abstract

Scholarly consensus postulates a sharp contrast exists between liberal values and realist interests in US foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which finds its expression in the ‘security–democracy’ dilemma.? This means the US rhetorical determination to abide by the values of a ‘liberal’ foreign policy is neutralised by the ‘realist’ priority of maintaining US strategic interests, which requires support for friendly authoritarian rulers. Scholarship tends to apply this reasoning indistinctly to the entire region, providing an encompassing framework of analysis for understanding US foreign policy, which is valid across time and space. This study challenges this theoretical assumption and argues that while the US might indeed have a comprehensive regional approach in the MENA, the resulting foreign policy follows country-based trajectories that respond to national specificities and the perceived implications for US strategic interests. Exploring US foreign policy in the MENA after 9/11, the article demonstrates that while the US emphasis on liberalism crumbled when faced with security issues, the US liberal approach to Tunisia unfolded more consistently. Although the US continued formal cooperation with Ben Ali’s regime, it empowered at the same time a coalition of democratic opponents, solving the security–democracy dilemma and positively influencing the Tunisian democratisation.     

当代中国政治文化内部结构的分化与整合

深入剖析一国政治文化的内部结构及其相互关系对于了解该国政治体系的运作具有重要意义。当代中国政治文化在精英和大众层面都存在着社会主义意识形态、传统政治文化、民主政治文化三种类型的交织与分化,当代中国政治文化的整合与创新应以培育和发展出有中国特色的以权利、民主、法治为核心理念的社会主义公民文化为指向,政治社会化对于政治文化整合与更新尤为重要。     

在落实科学发展观中构建和谐高校

构建社会主义和谐社会,首要任务是发展.坚持用科学发展观统领发展全局,实现高校全面协调可持续发展,促进构建和谐高校,在当前和今后具有极其重要的理论和实践意义.在构建社会主义和谐社会中构建和谐高校,要坚持以人为本,充分发挥高校的智力优势和人才优势,培养和促进人的全面自由和可持续发展,要积极追求公平与效率,始终坚持民主与法制.     

论党内基层民主及其建设

党内基层民主建设是党内民主建设的基础工程,也是激发基层党组织活力、提高基层党组织领导水平和执政能力的重要手段。党内基层民主建设既是一个不断探索和创新的实践过程,同时也是一个需要不断对其内涵、目标、特点,以及实现的制度路径进行理论思考和研究的过程。     

党内民主60年的发展及经验启示

中国共产党一贯重视发展党内民主,建国60年来,发展党内民主成效斐然,突出表现在思想认识、制度建设、党员民主权利保障、以及党内民主理论创新等方面。这些宝贵的成果启示我们:今后一个时期,我们要继续稳步发展党内民主,必须加大解放思想力度;继续加快党内各项民主制度的程序化建设;必须更加注重培养党内民主文化。     

中国共产党是一个把党内民主视为生命的党

中国共产党十分重视党内民主建设,视党内民主为党的生命。中国共产党的党内民主建设,是从军队民主开始的。遵义会议,是一次党内民主得到极大弘扬的会议。延安时期,是我们党在新中国成立之前推进党内民主建设,特别强调民主的重要时期。新中国成立后,作为执政的中国共产党,把推进党内民主建设放到了更加突出的位置。党的十一届三中全会,我们党以马克思主义的理论勇气、科学态度和创新精神,恢复和推进了党内民主建设。十六大以来,党中央从加强党的执政能力建设和先进性建设的战略高度,从实现可持续执政的根本要求出发,高度重视和大力推进党内民主建设。     

违宪审查司法化之民主逻辑

国内外学界一直存在着对违宪审查司法化是否符合民主这一宪政基本原则的质疑。从政治学、法理学、宪法学的角度来认识,本文提出了自己的看法。     

党员意见表达：发展党内民主的内生力

发展党内民主要以党员为本。以党员为本需要尊重党员主体地位，尊重党员主体地位需要提高党员民主意识、增强和保障党员参与权。这一切都离不开党员意见表达。党员意见表达是发展党内民主的一种内在生成力。党员意见表达是发展党内民主的天然成分，有利于提高党员对党内民主的参与度，有利于营造党内民主的环境。