邓小平设计改革开放的战略思维及其当代中国的继承和发展

邓小平谋划改革开放的战略思维，显示了总设计师的卓越智慧。战略思维奠定邓小平的改革开放总设计师地位。战略思维的个人特质时时处处展现在邓小平设计改革开放的思想过程中。把握全局、统筹兼顾、协调平衡、后发持续的思维，形成邓小平战略意识的鲜明特点。中国共产党领导革命、建设和改革都离不开战略思维，历届党中央领导重视战略思维的思想一脉相承。党的十八大后新一届党中央形成了加强顶层设计的新思维，这是当代中国发展中对邓小平战略思想的继承和发展，推进全面深化改革必须提高进行战略思维的能力。     

Voting at 16: Intended and unintended consequences of Austria's electoral reform

Several democracies are currently debating whether to lower their legal voting age to 16, but relatively little is known about the long-term consequences of such reforms. We contribute to this debate by studying electoral habit formation among 16-year-old voters in Austria, where the national-level voting age was decreased in 2007. We employ eligibility-based regression discontinuities to evaluate two consequences of the reform. First, we show that eligible 16-year-olds are more likely to vote in future elections. Second, we demonstrate that the political consequences of this reform were not neutral. Newly eligible young voters are more likely to place themselves towards the extremes of the ideological spectrum. We also simulate the cumulative long-term impact on electoral outcomes and argue that the reform was costly for the centrist government parties that initially adopted it.     

Crucial Factors in Implementing Radical Policy Change: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Nordic Central Agency Relocation Programs

Abstract

Why do public policies succeed or fail? The aim of this article is to contribute to answering this enduring research question in policy research through a comparative study of the variable efforts by Nordic governments to relocate their central agencies from the capital regions over a period of several decades. This was a radical redistributive policy program premised on a policy instrument – coercion – which was very alien to political systems characterized as consensual democracies. Hence, it is no surprise that only two out of seven relocation programs of any substance were successful. The really intriguing research question here is how any relocation program was achievable at all in a policy context where this was very unlikely. A broadly based multi-theoretical analytical framework linking interest groups, institutions, human agency in the form of policy entrepreneurship/design and situational factors is employed to solve this research puzzle. Findings from this study offer important contributions to the following research fields: comparative public policy, radical policy change and most specifically the so-called third generation of public policy implementation research.     

The Australian Public Service and Policy Advising: Meeting the Challenges of 21st Century Governance

This concluding article summarises the case study findings comprising the Special Issue on ‘Advising Australian Federal Governments: Assessing the Evolving Capacity and Role of the Australian Public Service’, identifies and discusses cross‐cutting issues, and considers strategic implications for future practice and research. It reviews key findings from six case studies – Treasury, Prime Minister and Cabinet, Intergovernmental Relations, Housing, the BER Stimulus program, and Defence – and assesses the policy advising capacity of the Australian Public Service, with a focus on the policy‐political interface between governments and officials. Putting recent experience in historical context, it considers the performance of the Commonwealth's policy advisory system, the impact of prime ministers and centralisation, the link between advising and analytic capacities, the system's resilience and readiness, whether recent dissatisfaction over APS advising reflect lack of capacity or a culture clash, and the responsibility for ensuring high‐quality policy advice. It recommends developing a more systematic approach to assessing policy advising capability, building on recent APS reforms.     

Land and Water Institutions in the Blue Nile Basin: Setups and Gaps for Improved Land and Water Management

This study undertook an assessment and gap analysis of the institutional arrangements for improved land and water management in the Tana and Beles Sub‐basins highlands of the Blue Nile Basin. We explored the mandates and design features of the major land‐ and water‐related institutional arrangements. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and a literature review were used in the analysis. The results of our work reveal that a lot of progress has been made in creating an institutional framework for improved land and water management and the policies and laws hitherto developed reflect global policy changes consistent with the widespread adoption of the integrated water resources management (IWRM) principles. There are also cases where informal institutions replace formal institutions. Judged by their enforcement, the water resources management, pollution control standards, and regulations and land use rights are not enacted effectively because of poor enforcement capacity. Overall there is a tendency to focus on command‐and‐control type policies. There is a need to strengthen traditional institutions by drawing lessons from their strengths and establish the legitimacy of these institutions. There is also a need to improve formal policy design, developing policies with specific objectives, goals, targets, and overall institutional changes and resources through active adaptive management to maximize the level and effectiveness of institutional learning. Finally, more focus needs to be given to incentive‐based policies through increased use of positive incentives and more emphasis needs to be given to self‐enforcement rather than third‐party enforcement.     

流域水资源配置的机制设计初探

水资源配置机制的不完善制约着资源的使用效率,从而使得我国各地区出现了不同程度的水资源短缺.我国水短缺不仅是资源短缺,同时也是配置机制的短缺.围绕如何设计水资源的配置机制这一主线,运用机制设计理论,构建了流域水资源的配置的机制,即为（B,Π,μ）,该机制为不完全信息下的一个博弈;进一步提出了显示机制,并证明若每个用户给定的是真实需水信息,则直接机制（P,M）就为一均衡,该机制满足激励相容和个人理性,从而能有效地改善用水主体的经济效益.     

西方政策过程理论的最新进展、趋势与启示

政策过程理论研究从一开始就争论不休,而这些争论大致可以划分为三个阶段。在寻求因果关系理论的逻辑下,形成了大量的主流政策过程理论或框架。而今,政策过程理论又有了一些新的发展,包括叙事政策框架、子系统及其超越、决策和官僚机构、政策过程的综合框架等方面的发展。这种新发展及其趋势,对我国政策过程理论的研究来讲无疑具有诸多启示：（1）区分和厘清政策过程理论研究中的关键概念;（2）继承与创新政策过程理论的研究方法;（3）实现行动主体的多元化、精细化与政策子系统的超越;（4）合理把握官僚机构在我国政策过程中的影响力。     

我国刑事缺席审判制度的建构思考——以境外腐败资产的追返机制为视角

以境外腐败资产的追返机制的研究为视角,刑事缺席审判制度应严格实现"对物的审判"与"对人的审判"的分离,将刑事缺席审判的范围严格限定为重大贪污腐败的贪官外逃的案件,同时将刑事缺席审判的功能不定位于解决定罪量刑,而仅仅是解决境外腐败资产的归属,即通过缺席判决来确认国家对被告人卷至境外的腐败资产的合法所有权,从而便于在《联合国反腐败公约》的视野下来顺利追回流失境外的国有资产.     

Will the European Commission be able to standardise legal technology design without a legal method?

Privacy by Design (PbD) is a kind of precautionary legal technology design. It takes opportunities for fundamental rights without creating risks for them. Now the EU Commission “promised” to implement PbD with Art. 23(4) of its proposal of a General Data Protection Regulation. It suggests setting up a committee that can define technical standards for PbD. However the Commission did not keep its promise. Should it be left to the IT security experts who sit in the committee but do not have the legal expertise, to decide on our privacy or, by using overly detailed specifications, to prevent businesses from marketing innovative products? This paper asserts that the Commission's implementation of PbD is not acceptable as it stands and makes positive contributions for the work of a future PbD committee so that the Commission can keep its promise to introduce precautionary legal technology design.