Digital analysis of experimental human bitemarks: application of two new methods

Bitemark determination in forensic odontology is commonly performed by comparing the morphology of the dentition of the suspect with life-sized photographs of injury on the victim's skin using transparent overlays or computers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of two new different methods for identification of bitemarks by digital analysis. A sample of 50 volunteers was asked to make experimental bitemarks on the arms of each other. Stone study casts were prepared from upper and lower dental arches of each volunteer. The bitemarks and the study casts were photographed; the photos were entered into the computer and Adobe Photoshop software program was applied to analyze the results. Two methods (2D polyline and Painting) of identification were used. In the 2D polyline method, fixed points were chosen on the tips of the canines and a straight line was drawn between the two fixed points in the arch (intercanine line). Straight lines passing between the incisal edges of the incisors were drawn vertically on the intercanine line; the lines and angles created were calculated. In the painting method, identification was based on canine-to-canine distance, tooth width and the thickness, and rotational value of each tooth. The results showed that both methods were applicable. However, the 2D polyline method was more convenient to use and gave prompt computer-read results, whereas the painting method depended on the visual reading of the operator.     

颌面数字X线片的法医学同一认定

目的探讨颌面数字X线片(DigitalRadiology,DR)的全口牙型32位编码和测量6项骨性指标的变化特征,评估其在法医学同一认定的价值。方法随机选取颌面DR全景片300例,按设计的编码标准和原则对其全口牙型逐一编码,分析编码的多样性;随机选取颌面DR侧位片100例,由口腔放射科医生和培训过的法医研究生各一人对6项骨性指标(N-S,N-Me,Cd-Gn,Cd-Go,NP-SN,MP-SN)进行准确测量,计算指标的变异系数(CV),并对两人测量结果的一致性进行相关分析。结果(1)300例个人全口牙型编码,总体多样性为75%;牙齿有病变或治疗组的多样性为99.53%;(2)颌面DR侧位片中6项指标变异系数较大;(3)两次测量结果的相关系数均接近1,表明所选指标的测量结果稳定,有高度一致性。结论颌面DR全景片全口牙型32位编码和颌面DR侧位片中6项骨性指标可用于同一认定。     

利用数字图像处理技术伪造文件的研究

介绍了利用数字图象处理技术剪贴伪造文件、变造签名、彩色打印伪造原始印文和签名等三种伪造文件的方法及其特点.数字图象处理技术能够克服许多传统伪造方法的"缺点",使伪造的文件达到较高的逼真度.讨论了数字图象处理技术的滥用引发的新问题.     

高校图书馆发展的必然趋势——数字化

随着现代信息技术的深入发展,信息载体的数字化以及信息传播的网络化,以书刊资料为主要收藏载体的传统图书馆面临巨大的挑战,逐渐难以适应数字时代的要求,图书馆的数字化成为一个必然趋势,数字图书馆的出现给图书馆事业的发展带来新的契机.文章从数字图书馆的概念、特征入手,论述了高校数字图书馆的现状,及其在引领社会学习潮流,推动全民学习氛围形成,提供专业信息服务和支持社会成员继续教育中应该发挥的作用.     

数字证据的程序法定位--技术、经济视角的法律分析

基于证据在程序中的重要地位以及证据与社会发展息息相关的紧密关联,要促进程序法在数字时代的发展,首先要研究的便是数字技术对包括民事、行政、刑事证据在内的程序证据制度的影响.使用"计算机证据"、"电子证据"概念并不能科学地归纳出这种证据的内涵,而"数字证据"概念则更符合其本质特征.在证据类型上,数字证据与书证、视听资料等已有证据类型颇不相同,是一种新的独立的证据类型,并且,在证据规则上,数字证据具有与其数字技术特性相应的新规则.     

探索数字时代公安边防情报资料系统建设

公安边防情报资料数据库建设主要包括传统情报资料库建设和数字化情报资料库建设两方面的内容。传统情报资料库建设,可以借鉴国内相关领域资料库建设的经验,并在原有情报资料建设与数字化情报资料库相关联。数字化情报资料库建设主要是情报工作人员运用信息技术设备将传统情报资料数字化,使其能够通过机器阅读并通过网络传输。     

A Novel Method for the Photographic Recovery of Fingermark Impressions from Ammunition Cases Using Digital Imaging

The photographic preservation of fingermark impression evidence found on ammunition cases remains problematic due to the cylindrical shape of the deposition substrate preventing complete capture of the impression in a single image. A novel method was developed for the photographic recovery of fingermarks from curved surfaces using digital imaging. The process involves the digital construction of a complete impression image made from several different images captured from multiple camera perspectives. Fingermark impressions deposited onto 9‐mm and 0.22‐caliber brass cartridge cases and a plastic 12‐gauge shotgun shell were tested using various image parameters, including digital stitching method, number of images per 360° rotation of shell, image cropping, and overlap. The results suggest that this method may be successfully used to recover fingermark impression evidence from the surfaces of ammunition cases or other similar cylindrical surfaces.     

Ground zero – the semiotics of the boundary line

This paper explores the ambiguous nature of the graphic boundary line as a key element in the carto-realist conception of spatiality. Using examples (specifically the Line of Tordesillas and the UK border at Stansted Airport), the paper explores the complex and ambiguous nature of boundary lines as cartographic representations and concrete spatial practices. Drawing on Rotman's analysis of the significance of “zero” to modern semiotics and Wilden's theorization of digital and analogue communications systems, I argue that the graphic line is the spatial equivalent of a numeric zero – a meta-symbolic entity that is empty (the cartographic line, by definition, has no magnitude).     

The scientific‐technological revolution,the forces of nature,and Marx's theory of value

ABSTRACT

Worker and environmental alliances are critical to advancing economic and environmental transformation, yet they have been very challenging to promote and sustain. This article analyzes these difficulties by providing a class analysis of “divide and conquer” strategies instigated by capitalist firms to subvert worker/environmental alliances. It situates the relationship between workers, environmentalist and capitalist firms in two historical contexts, namely of Keynesian welfare state capitalism and neoliberal capitalism. It highlights some contextual factors that shape “divide and conquer” strategies of capital—particularly the paradigm of economic growth characteristic of these historical periods. The conclusion contemplates some of the possibilities that a post-capitalist economy might provide for workers and environmentalists to rethink economic and ecological agendas without the distorting influence of the “divide and conquer” strategies employed by capitalist firms.     

Acknowledging and protecting language rights on SABC TV through the use of subtitles

Abstract

In this article the use of subtitles is proposed as a way by means of which the problem of acknowledging and recognising language rights on SABC TV can be addressed. The concept of language rights is approached in terms of how it is understood in the field of sociolinguistics. Within the South African context the language provisions in the constitution (1996) need to be taken into account. An overview is also provided of multilingual broadcasting and of how this type of broadcasting is realised by SABC TV. Despite legislation and SABC policy accommodating the acknowledgement and protection of language rights, SABC TV favours the use of English. In this article the importance is emphasised of pivot and bilingual subtitles within the South African situation. Finally, this article proposes subtitling as a method through which multilingual broadcasting can be realised and the language rights of the speakers of languages other than English can be acknowledged and protected on SABC TV.