试论公安院校数字图书馆建设与运行中的著作权问题

公安院校数字图书馆的建设与运行主要涉及文献资源数字化、数据库建设、网络信息资源服务和网络导航服务。由其引发的著作权问题比较突出。为此,应充分利用公有领域的信息资源,合理利用开放内容,规避著作权的敏感领域,设立法定许可制度,采用新技术手段加强对著作权的保护,并成立公安院校数字图书馆著作权集体管理组织联盟。     

犯罪治理数字孪生体研究

犯罪治理的复杂特性迫切需要新科技介入研究。随着数字化时代的到来,犯罪治理现代化的研究和建设采取智能化手段已成可能,以此来提升精准犯罪治理的程度,达到更好的治理效果。针对处于复杂高阶多维的犯罪治理社会实体,结合数字孪生高逼真行为仿真特性和人工智能深度学习强大的数据挖掘能力,引入数字孪生进行犯罪治理现代化研究,从而构建犯罪治理数字孪生体。通过在虚拟空间可视化与分析实现犯罪治理现代化管理、预测预警、态势预判、模拟仿真、计算试验等,实现实时监测数据驱动下的犯罪在线治理,为犯罪治理现代化探索新思路。     

Open parliament policy applied to the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies

ABSTRACT

This article will analyse the implementation of an open parliament policy that is taking place at the Chamber of Deputies, in accordance with the guidelines of the Open Government Partnership international programme (OGP), regarding the action plan of the Opening Parliament Work Group in particular, one of the subgroups of OGP. The authors will evaluate two blocks of initiatives for open parliaments executed by the Chamber in the last few years, that is, digital participation in the legislative process and Transparency 2.0, in order to observe their impasses and results obtained until now. In the first part the authors will study the e-Democracy portal and in the second part the authors will focus on open data, collaborative activities to use those data (hackathons) and the creation of the Hacker Lab, a permanent space dedicated to open parliament practices. The analysis considers the initiatives that the authors evaluated as part of the transformative and arena profiles of the Brazilian Parliament, according to Polsby's classification, with exclusive characteristics.     

Whole body postmortem angiography with a high viscosity contrast agent solution using poly ethylene glycol as contrast agent dissolver

Postmortem minimal invasive angiography has already been implemented to support virtual autopsy examinations. An experimental approach in a porcine model to overcome an initially described artificial tissue edema artifact by using a poly ethylene glycol (PEG) containing contrast agent solution showed promising results. The present publication describes the first application of PEG in a whole corpse angiographic CT examination. A minimal invasive postmortem CT angiography was performed in a human corpse utilizing the high viscosity contrast agent solution containing 65% of PEG. Injection was carried out via the femoral artery into the aortic root in simulated cardiac output conditions. Subsequent CT scanning delivered the 3D volume data of the whole corpse. Visualization of the human arterial anatomy was excellent and the contrast agent distribution was generally limited to the arterial system as intended. As exceptions an enhancement of the brain, the left ventricular myocardium and the renal cortex became obvious. This most likely represented the stage of centralization of the blood circulation at the time of death with dilatation of the precapillary arterioles within these tissues. Especially for the brain this resulted in a distinctively improved visualization of the intracerebral structures by CT. However, the general tissue edema artifact of postmortem minimal invasive angiography examinations could be distinctively reduced.     

信息网络传播权的适用靳学军

制定《世界知识产权组织版权公约》(WCT)第8条是为了将数字网络中的作品传播权纳入到著作权中。我国著作权法中信息网络传播权的立法目的与WCT第8条相同。不能脱离数字网络传播方式来理解“选定的时间和地点”要件。数字网络传播具有交互性,即在数字网络中,数字信号是否开始向某个特定用户传输由该用户“在其个人选定的时间和地点”决定。从文义解释出发,数字网络传播也应适用信息网络传播权。为弥补立法缺陷,可以删除“选定的时间和地点”要件,合并广播权,确立实至名归的信息网络传播权。     

Administrative burden in digital public service delivery: The social infrastructure of library programs for e-inclusion

In their efforts to digitize public service delivery, countries increasingly use algorithms based on mathematical models, data and/or a combination of different administrative datasets to issue decisions, but recent studies point towards challenges around citizens' understanding, accessing, and filing objections to such automated decisions. This paper focuses on the social infrastructure supporting citizens that struggle with accessing such services. To address this, we ask: How does the social infrastructure affect administrative burdens associated with digital government services? This is studied in the Dutch context through expert interviews and observations of support programs in libraries. We find that although libraries as primary sites for these services may pose the disadvantage of being more difficult to reach for low-literate citizens, advantages are their organizational structure at the local level as well as their currently changing role to include a growing range of services, including (digital) skills courses.     

Likelihood Ratios for Deep Neural Networks in Face Comparison

In this study, we aim to compare the performance of systems and forensic facial comparison experts in terms of likelihood ratio computation to assess the potential of the machine to support the human expert in the courtroom. In forensics, transparency in the methods is essential. Consequently, state-of-the-art free software was preferred over commercial software. Three different open-source automated systems chosen for their availability and clarity were as follows: OpenFace, SeetaFace, and FaceNet; all three based on convolutional neural networks that return a distance (OpenFace, FaceNet) or similarity (SeetaFace). The returned distance or similarity is converted to a likelihood ratio using three different distribution fits: parametric fit Weibull distribution, nonparametric fit kernel density estimation, and isotonic regression with pool adjacent violators algorithm. The results show that with low-quality frontal images, automated systems have better performance to detect nonmatches than investigators: 100% of precision and specificity in confusion matrix against 89% and 86% obtained by investigators, but with good quality images forensic experts have better results. The rank correlation between investigators and software is around 80%. We conclude that the software can assist in reporting officers as it can do faster and more reliable comparisons with full-frontal images, which can help the forensic expert in casework.     

Adolescents and Sexual Violations Online

The article describes and discusses sexual violations online using the recent Danish case law and legislation as an example and drawing upon the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child. It is argued that the legislation does not provide a sufficient solution to the problems connected to digital violations of the physical integrity of the victim.     

构建智能环路监管机制——基于数字金融监管的新挑战

面对金融科技的创新与发展,传统监管机制显现出监管滞后、监管失效等方面的无力和脱节。数字金融监管在风险控制、监管方式、监管模式上面临新挑战,应以科技化监管为核心,借助大数据、人工智能等新型科技手段,实现风险的综合动态监测,推动监管向科技型、统筹型转变。在金融智能监管系统的基础上,构建由事前准入及测试、事中实时动态监测、事后风险处置反馈系统组成的智能环路监管机制。     

Digital Election Observation: Regulatory Challenges around Legal Online Content

Between public debates about ‘hacking’ elections, so-called ‘fake news’ and online disinformation campaigns, it has become hard to imagine what free and fair elections in a digital environment could look like. This challenge is particularly pronounced for election observers who monitor free and fair elections. How should election observers fulfil this task when reliable data in online media campaigns are often not even available to media regulators? The following article provides a brief overview of existing challenges around online content regulation and how these apply to elections and election observation. It then considers where resources for digital electoral observation exist and how most effectively to build on these before, in conclusion, discussing next steps and potential opportunities to develop digital election observation further.