Introduction: Regulation and Oversight of Digital Campaigning—Problems and Solutions

The regulation of digital technology is gaining increased attention within policy making circles. With growing recognition of the power held by digital media companies and the need to enforce democratic values online, policy makers are reviewing opportunities for oversight. Introducing a special section looking at the regulation of digital election campaigning, this article reviews the case for regulatory reform, the proposed type of regulatory change, and the practice of regulatory innovation. Noting the pace of digital change, it argues that there is a need to think more extensively about the design of any regulatory response in order to prevent systems of oversight becoming obsolete.     

Conclusion: Four Recommendations to Improve Digital Electoral Oversight in the UK

To conclude this special section, this article looks at the possible avenues for regulatory reform in the field of digital campaigning. Diagnosing the need for a multi-layered approach, we argue that action is needed from government, regulators, companies, and civil society. We take each actor in turn and consider the kind of change needed, the prospects for reform, and outline four recommendations for change.     

The Postcapitalist Transition: Policy Implications for the Left

The postcapitalism thesis asserts that open source and collaborative non-profit organisations represent a new, non-market sector in which the profit motive and monetary exchange no longer drive economic activity; in Marxist political economy terms, they are a new means for suppressing the law of value . Information technology has produced four systemic dysfunctions, limiting capitalism’s ability to function as a complex adaptive system: the zero marginal cost effect, the tendency to delink work from wages, positive network effects, and information asymmetries. In response, in addition to the traditional remedies of social democracy for a stagnant neoliberal economic model, left parties must adopt a programme of transition: aggressively breaking up technological monopolies; promoting universal basic income and basic service solutions; outlawing rent-seeking business models; and promoting data democracy.     

数字经济视角下的新《证券法》——修订解读、实施支撑与未来展望

新《证券法》直接体现了数字经济的内容,主要有：将对客户保密制度升级为投资者个人信息保护制度,明确信息披露的载体包括证券交易场所网站,规定证券登记结算机构可以提供信息服务,在证券交易方面大幅度增加电子化交易的内容,尤其是新增了程序化交易和信息技术系统服务机构,等等。当然新《证券法》在信息技术系统服务机构和程序化交易方面需要进一步细化。而诸如互联网、云计算、大数据等数字技术都是数字经济时代的新型技术,它们虽然没有规定在新《证券法》中,但却对于新《证券法》的实施具有重要意义。未来包括投资性众筹、智能投顾和区块链结算在内的数字经济内容将会在新《证券法》的进一步修改中得到更多体现。     

我国电子政务发展过程中存在的问题与路径选择

20世纪90年代以来,电子政务在我国的出现,将政府管理的改革与创新推向了一个前所未有的阶段。然而,我国电子政务的发展遇到了重重困难。正视问题并采取相应的对策成为电子政务建设的当务之急。     

数码相机的测光模式与使用

本文首先提出了测光的概念和分类,着重阐述了新型数码相机常用的4种测光模式,指出了每种测光模式的测光原理和使用要求,最后提出了正确测光所应坚持的两个原则。希望能够为刑事技术人员正确地使用数码相机提供帮助。     

数码照相机在刑事照相中的应用

数码照相机已经进入人类生活,它具有普通照相机无法比拟的优势和特点。将数码照相机应用到刑侦工作中,可以提高工作效率,节省开支。文章介绍了数码照相机的特点、使用方法及其在刑事照相中的应用。     

谈数码相机的常见缺陷

在数码相机生成的数字影像上,会出现一些传统照片中没见过的色彩伪像、光溢、"毛刺"与"勾边"、色差、数码镜头景深的变化、宽容度等质量缺陷,在使用时应该特别注意,尽量避免。     

Digital analysis of experimental human bitemarks: application of two new methods

Bitemark determination in forensic odontology is commonly performed by comparing the morphology of the dentition of the suspect with life-sized photographs of injury on the victim's skin using transparent overlays or computers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of two new different methods for identification of bitemarks by digital analysis. A sample of 50 volunteers was asked to make experimental bitemarks on the arms of each other. Stone study casts were prepared from upper and lower dental arches of each volunteer. The bitemarks and the study casts were photographed; the photos were entered into the computer and Adobe Photoshop software program was applied to analyze the results. Two methods (2D polyline and Painting) of identification were used. In the 2D polyline method, fixed points were chosen on the tips of the canines and a straight line was drawn between the two fixed points in the arch (intercanine line). Straight lines passing between the incisal edges of the incisors were drawn vertically on the intercanine line; the lines and angles created were calculated. In the painting method, identification was based on canine-to-canine distance, tooth width and the thickness, and rotational value of each tooth. The results showed that both methods were applicable. However, the 2D polyline method was more convenient to use and gave prompt computer-read results, whereas the painting method depended on the visual reading of the operator.     

颌面数字X线片的法医学同一认定

目的探讨颌面数字X线片(DigitalRadiology,DR)的全口牙型32位编码和测量6项骨性指标的变化特征,评估其在法医学同一认定的价值。方法随机选取颌面DR全景片300例,按设计的编码标准和原则对其全口牙型逐一编码,分析编码的多样性;随机选取颌面DR侧位片100例,由口腔放射科医生和培训过的法医研究生各一人对6项骨性指标(N-S,N-Me,Cd-Gn,Cd-Go,NP-SN,MP-SN)进行准确测量,计算指标的变异系数(CV),并对两人测量结果的一致性进行相关分析。结果(1)300例个人全口牙型编码,总体多样性为75%;牙齿有病变或治疗组的多样性为99.53%;(2)颌面DR侧位片中6项指标变异系数较大;(3)两次测量结果的相关系数均接近1,表明所选指标的测量结果稳定,有高度一致性。结论颌面DR全景片全口牙型32位编码和颌面DR侧位片中6项骨性指标可用于同一认定。