A Novel Forged Image Detection Method Using the Characteristics of Interpolation

Development of digital image‐editing programs has enabled us to be widely exposed to forged digital images surrounding us. Such forged images have been dispersed through the Internet, newspaper articles, and magazines, and in particular, the information contained in these unverified images happened to be regarded as true. As a result, the forged images provided wrong information for individuals and society, thus sometimes creating social issues. In order to solve such problems, this study was aimed to suggest the methods of identifying the veracity of forged images. In this way, it suggested re‐interpolation algorithm. Namely, the study re‐interpolated in identical arbitrary values both the interpolated and un‐interpolated regions based on the interpolation used a lot in forged, confirmed discrete fourier transform (DFT) characteristics of these two regions, and embodied a detection map for the final forged images, using the subtraction value between two regions in DFT characteristics.     

数字签名的技术与法律分析

数字签名的目的和作用主要是证明合同主体的真实身份、证明合同的保密性和完整性以及证明合同主体对合同的确认。而其证明力的有无及证明力的大小又是以技术作保障的,换言之,安全性是证明力的前提和基础,是法律承认其效力的基石。     

活体跟骨数字X线片性别判定

目的应用数字X线摄影方法测量跟骨,评估5项测量指标在法医学性别判定中的价值。方法393例受试对象随机分组,实验组334例(男性148例,女性186例),验证组59例(男性26例,女性33例)。每一受试对象按照规定投照方法摄跟骨侧位DR片,分别测量5项跟骨长度指标。方差分析检验实验组各项指标性别间差异,Fisher判别分析及多元逐步判别分析建立性别判别函数。验证组样本数据回代,前瞻性评估判别效能。结果5项指标性别差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。共建立了6组性别判别函数,性别判断正确率在78.4%～88.9%之间;回代检验,判断正确率在79.7%～86.4%之间。结论跟骨侧位数字X线片5项长度测量指标代入判别函数进行性别判定的方法可为法医学个人识别中的性别判定提供帮助。     

数字签名与电子签名法

《中华人民共和国电子签名法》已经开始实施,本文对电子签名的定义、使用的范围及其作用作了介绍,并对电子签名技术实现中的一些技术问题如公钥基础设施PKI的功能,三种最常用的公钥算法,数据摘要与哈希(Hash)函数的作用与要求,常用的哈希算法MD5与SHA-1,以及数字签名的技术实现过程作了一些探索。     

中国高水平参与DEPA的关键领域与路径选择

申请加入DEPA不仅是中国主动参与全球数字治理的“先手棋”,更是深化国内改革和高水平开放的关键决策,有助于中国加快构建新发展格局。为推动数字经济由产业创新驱动转向更多依赖技术创新、制度创新驱动的新阶段,中国可重点在数据流动、数字技术、数字产品、数字创新和网络安全五大领域主动对接DEPA协定要求;进一步地,系统化构建以数字自由贸易港为核心,以数字营商环境示范区为抓手、以数字经济产业先行区为重点、以数字经济国际合作区为纽带、以数字经济创新试验区为动能的“一港四区”格局,推动中国数字经济开放发展、创新发展。     

数字经济下的生产社会化与企业分工协作:演进与特性

数字经济是以数字化原料为劳动对象,利用数字化劳动资料进行生产活动的经济形式,在此基础上,数字技术经由企业分工协作体系的重塑推动着生产社会化的发展。依据马克思主义政治经济学原理,以企业分工协作为切入点,通过剖析企业间网络化分工协作和企业内部数字劳动过程,可发现并阐明数字经济下生产社会化中的最新进展及其双刃剑特性。该性质表明:数字经济既可以推动生产活动向社会化方向发展而代表更先进生产力,同时也会激化企业分工与社会分工、生产社会化与生产资料私人占有之间的矛盾。由此表明,数字经济下的生产社会化演进必将呈现出企业分工代替社会分工,以及所有制形式由生产资料私有制向公有制形式转变的发展趋势。     

Analysis of sensitivity and specificity: precise recognition of neutrophils during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle in rats

In this report, we applied the TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system to rapidly and accurately identify neutrophils during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle, and to provide information for follow-up studies on neutrophils to estimate wound age. Rat injury model was established, and skeletal muscle samples were obtained from the control group and contusion groups at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h, as well as at 1, 3, 5, and 15 d post-injury (n = 5 per group). The expression of nuclei and neutrophils was detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. A total of 20 injury site areas of 0.25 mm² (0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) were then randomly selected at all time points. A TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system was used to identify the positive and negative numbers. Knowledge of five professional medical workers were considered the gold standard to measure the false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. As a result, with a staining area of neutrophils from 8 µm² to 15 µm², the FPR was 4.28%–12.14%, the FNR was 12.42%–64.08%, the sensitivity was 35.92%–87.58%, the specificity was 87.86%–95.72%, the Youden index was 0.316–0.754, the accuracy was 82.80%–88.30%, and the AUC was 0.771–0.826. The AUC was largest when the cut-off value of the staining area was 12 µm². Our results show that this software-based method is more accurate than the human eye in evaluating neutrophil infiltration. Based on the sensitivity and specificity, neutrophils can be accurately identified during regeneration of contused skeletal muscle. The TissueFAXS 200 digital pathological analysis system can also be used to optimize conditions for different cell types under various injury conditions to determine the optimal cut-off value of the staining area and provide optimal conditions for further study. Furthermore, it will provide evidence for forensic pathology cases.     

区块链经济学的形成与展望

数字经济是中国经济的重要发展方向之一，而区块链是数字经济的基础技术之一。自2008年以来，区块链的技术取得了长足发展，并且在加密货币、金融、供应链管理、企业管理和公共管理等众多领域产生了广泛的应用前景。文章介绍了最近几年来关于区块链的经济学和金融学研究。首先，文章介绍了区块链的发展背景。其次，文章介绍了区块链的运行机制以及背后的经济学原理。再次，文章从博弈论、市场均衡、网络经济学、交易成本经济学、信息经济学和产业组织理论等多个角度，系统地梳理了关于区块链的经济学和金融学研究成果。最后，文章基于我国区块链产业的发展需求，提出区块链经济学的下一步发展，应该重点关注联盟链落地机制、参与方信息结构、主权货币实施方案以及区块链在医疗、公益、食品安全等行业的具体应用机制设计等问题。     

Is the genie out of the bottle? Digital platforms and the future of clinical trials

Is it possible to conduct impartial clinical trials in a world full of digital networking tools that patients can use to coordinate themselves and act against research protocols? This paper builds on an ethnography of PatientsLikeMe, a company running an internet social media network where patients with different conditions share their clinical data with standardized questionnaires. The company faced a serious dilemma in 2011 when some ALS patients, members of the site, started sharing data about a phase II clinical trial of an experimental drug (NP001) in which some of them were participating, to anticipate the experiment’s outcomes and understand each one’s allocation over trial arms. In parallel, some other patients were using the site and other web tools to coordinate and run their own replication of the trial with homebrew mixes of industrial grade chemicals. PatientsLikeMe researchers reflected on their position as networks managers and eventually decided to use the collected data to develop their own analysis of the efficacy of the original compound, and of the homebrewers’ compound. They presented the NP001 events as a case in point for articulating a new social contract for clinical research. This paper analyses these events, first, by understanding the clinical trial as an experiment organization form that can succeed only as long as its protocol can be enforced; second, we observe how web networks make it dramatically easier for the trial protocol to be violated; finally, we point out how a potentially dangerous confluence of interests over web networks could incubate developments that disrupt the status quo without creating a robust and safe alternative for experimentation. We conclude by warning about the interests of the pharmaceutical industry in exploiting patients’ methodological requests to its own advantage.     

新就业形态的不确定性：平台资本空间中的数字劳动及其反思

在数字技术迅猛发展的影响下，以信息通信技术为支撑的灵活就业形态应运而生，平台资本空间中的数字劳动就是新就业形态的具体表征之一。它的一些共性特征表现为：灵活的时空安排与严苛的多重控制、情感的货币化与制式化的情感、低门槛与去劳动技能化、泛雇佣关系化与去劳动关系化。平台数字劳动在缓解劳动力市场矛盾和传播公共价值方面产生了影响，并且正在推动劳动法规与劳动保障制度的升级。尽管有许多积极因素，但新就业形态的涌现也裹挟着诸多不确定性，主要体现为劳动者职业身份与发展的不确定性、数字治理和劳动保护的不确定性、数字劳动研究范式与方法论的不确定性。这些都值得我们警惕。