Disaster documentation: improving medical information-sharing in sudden-onset disaster scenarios

Abstract

This study investigates clinical practitioners’ use of medical documentation during sudden-onset disasters in order to better understand how we can improve practice. Thirteen participants, representing nine nationalities and six clinical disciplines (with the collective working experience of at least 15 different organisations providing disaster response), underwent semi-structured interviews using an inductive approach based in grounded theory. The initial codes and themes were analysed over four coding rounds and developed into selective codes. The findings suggest that documentation is overwhelmingly de-prioritised in disasters due to competing demands; there is little incentive to complete documentation at an organisational or government level; practitioners acknowledge the importance of and need for adequate documentation; paper documentation still has its place whilst electronic approaches have both benefits and drawbacks; and disasters require bespoke documentation solutions. Development of the emergency medical team (EMT) ‘data management’ role within EMTs may be one way to focus teams on key areas of improvement.     

灾害救援中经济动员的流程再造

经济动员是灾害救援中的关键活动,直接影响救援效果。借鉴企业管理的流程再造理论,对灾害救援中经济动员流程的再造与重构,不仅提高了应对自然灾害和突发事件的能力,而且对提升战时经济动员能力也具有重要意义。运用流程再造理论改造灾害救援中的经济动员行动,应遵循有效性、保障性、平稳性、彻底性等原则。采用相对温和的流程管理模式有利于灾害救援中经济动员再造活动的顺利推行。     

突发事故灾难与公安机关应急处置研究

各类生产安全事故、交通运输事故、环境污染事故等突发事故灾难的频发,给我国造成了重大的经济损失和人员伤亡,严重危害了经济发展和社会稳定。突发事故灾难发生后,作为政府危机管理主要部门的公安机关如何对突发事故灾难进行应急处置,成为摆在公安机关面前的一项重要任务。在突发事故灾难的应急处置中,公安机关应从我国社会经济发展的实际出发,完善突发事故灾难事前防控、先期处置和事后处置应急处置机制,全面提升公安机关处置突发事故灾难的能力,充分发挥公安机关处置突发事故灾难的主力作用。     

客观最大化与视觉冲击力双赢的实现机制——以法制新闻报道为视角的考察

法制新闻在上个世纪末到本世纪初的最近几年才成为新闻学的一个新的分支学科,而这种新产生体系的不完整性,导致了各种不规范现象大量存在于法制新闻的报道中,其主要的是客观最大化和视觉冲击力间的矛盾.不同媒介的不同表现形式,所表现出来的矛盾形态也有所不同,从平衡两者之间的目的出发,应该从新闻标题的制作、正文的撰写、与电视节目特有的影像制作等方面,解决法制新闻中客观最大化和视觉冲击力之间的矛盾.     

东京基于社区的地震灾害危险度评估:做法与特点

东京在实践中逐步建立了一套基于社区的地震灾害危险度评估体系,以东京各町丁目为评估对象,通过对建筑物危险度、火灾危险度和应急避难危险度进行分类评估,得出各地的综合危险度,为防灾减灾工作提供科学依据.东京基于社区的地震灾害危险度评估具有如下特点:以巨灾为重点,积极开展强烈地震发生后不同地区的危险度评估;以综合为目标,全面评估强烈地震等巨灾对经济社会产生的综合影响；以专项为基础,深入评估震后建筑物、火灾、避难等各类风险；以公开为动力,大力提高全社会的风险防范意识和应急处置能力.     

What Happened to Queensland's Disaster Management Arrangements?: From ‘Global Best Practice’ to ‘Unsustainable’ in 3 Years

The Queensland Police and Community Safety Review (PACSR) 2013 headed by Mick Keelty was tasked by the Queensland government to examine the State's emergency management practices and processes. Commissioned before any crisis, the PACSR was still collecting evidence when extensive flooding occurred across many regional centres of Queensland in 2013. It was the subsequent management of this event, and selected evidence from earlier inquiries that underpinned many of the findings in the final PACSR report. Keelty recommended institutional and organizational restructuring that included the abolition of a department, and the tasking of the fire and rescue service with additional oversight and audit functions. PACSR argued too much emphasis was placed on relationships, which made disaster management in Queensland potentially unsustainable in the longer term. Some of the findings replicated those of earlier inquiries (O'Sullivan 2009; QFCI 2012), including the apparent reluctance by police to implement communications systems that are interoperable with other emergency agencies. This reluctance to embrace new technologies indicates institutional and cultural barriers to reform. Despite this, the Police and Fire and Rescue services have been given additional responsibilities by the Newman government, based on Keelty's recommendations. PACSR did not appear to evaluate some of the best practice aspects of the 2010–2011 flooding event, whereas some suggest the report had a predetermined element to it (Byrne 2014). In finding that too much emphasis was placed on informal relationships and networks in 2013, and concentrating on structural reforms instead, this paper argues that the PACSR discounted many features that current crisis literature notes as important for a successful disaster management response.     

Absent yet popular? Explaining news visibility of Members of the European Parliament

Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) represent their citizens in European Union policy making, having the power to approve, amend or reject the near majority of legislation. The media inform EU citizens about their representatives and are able to hold them publicly accountable. However, we know little about whether, and to what extent, MEPs are visible in the news. This study investigates the visibility of MEPs in national broadsheets in Britain, France, the Netherlands, Germany and Italy. It seeks to explain individual‐level variation by employing an original dataset of news visibility of 302 MEPs over a period of 25 months (September 2009–September 2011) and tests the applicability of the news values and mirror theories in the context of supranational politics. The results show that political office, length of tenure and domestic party leadership have a positive effect. Legislative activities have a mixed effect on MEP news visibility. Attendance negatively affects news visibility, while non‐attached MEPs receive more news coverage. In short, despite the core supranational nature of EP legislative politics, MEP news visibility primarily depends on journalists’ domestic considerations. This informs both our understanding of MEP parliamentary behaviour and journalism studies in the context of the EU.     

地震灾后社会治安防控——以“5.12”汶川大地震为例

汶川地震造成了重大人员伤亡和经济损失,对社会公众的心理造成了巨大冲击。随着恢复重建工作的展开,灾区治安形势将趋于复杂,公安机关应加强灾后防控机制建设,采取有效的治安防控对策和措施,从人、时间、空间要素中以全方位、立体化形态对社会面加以控制,做好灾后治安防控重点工作,维护社会秩序,保持社会持续稳定,确保有序推进灾后恢复重建工作。     

党的三代领导核心新闻思想简论

本文略述了党的三代领导核心毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民同志在紧张繁忙的革命活动和党政领导事务中,所从事的新闻实践活动;概括和论述了他们根据革命实际斗争和当时工作的需要,运用谈话、通信、撰文、著作等形式对新闻工作作出的指示以及对无产阶级新闻的性质、特点、职能、任务、工作原则、写作方法等进行的阐述;并通过具体论著总结了他们的新闻思想和新闻观点。文章强调党的三代领导核心的新闻活动和思想是无产阶级新闻学宝库中的一份宝贵财产,因此,新闻工作者学习和研究党的三代领导核心的有关新闻论著及其思想,理解和掌握他们提出的一些基本原理和基本原则,这对于建设有中国特色的社会主义新闻传播事业是非常重要和必要的。     

瞬间艺术--浅谈新闻摄影

新闻摄影是运用摄影科学的手段,选择正在发生或发现的典型事实进行有说明的图片报道。新闻摄影是一门瞬间的视觉艺术,它能够精确地把稍纵即逝的形象,迅速地固定下来。它从客观现实的事物中摄取影像,以生活里真实的、动态的典型瞬间摄影技巧来反映生活、记录生活,让读者感到真实可信、形象鲜活。