领导干部如何提高新闻执政力

在媒体事件发生频率越来越高、影响越来越大的网络时代,领导干部作为执政者,要切实尊重新闻舆论的传播规律,把舆论引导作为执政能力建设的重要内容,真正实现善待媒体、善用媒体、善管媒体,进而提高新闻执政能力。     

Setting the tabloid agenda: What two Afrikaans-language tabloids offer their readers

Abstract

South African tabloids generally thrive while mainstream newspapers struggle to compete with the current front-runners, Afrikaans-language tabloid Son and the English-language Daily Sun. However, not all South African tabloids are success stories: the Afrikaans-language tabloid Sondag has struggled since its inception, in particular prior to Ingo Capraro's takeover in 2009. This article consequently aims to establish why Kaapse Son and Sondag, two Afrikaans-language tabloids from the same media stable, have been received so differently. Why has Son hit the mark so impressively and why has Sondag been unable to succeed in terms of circulation and readership? In an attempt to answer these questions, this article explores the content and presentation of these two tabloids in the period just before Capraro took over the editorship in an attempt to save the newspaper from its dwindling circulation, i.e. the period in which Willem Pretorius was editor of Sondag. This comparative content analysis of the newspapers is conducted against a background of the nature of tabloid newspapers in South Africa, and within the framework of the agenda-setting theory. The background is explored by means of a literature review and conversations with editors from both newspapers. The analysis shows that Son has a strong community focus and provides its audience with relevant and up-to-date information they can apply to their everyday lives. In comparison, Sondag (under Pretorius’ editorship) resembled a supermarket tabloid, with a focus on celebrities. It is suggested that, in order to survive, an Afrikaans-language tabloid should provide local, community-focused stories that pertain to the everyday lives of its readers.     

新闻策划应有准确的定位

新闻策划严格地说是新闻报道策划,是新闻采编的重要组成部分,也是一项意义重大的新闻实践活动.新闻策划必须要有准确定位,必须优化选择,讲究技巧与策略,目的是为了解决新闻采访中主客观矛盾,达到最佳的新闻报道效果.同时,新闻策划者必须具备良好的政策修养、理论修养、新闻修养和深谋远虑的能力.新闻策划定位准确,才能得到事半功倍的效果.     

Party contestation and Europe on the news agenda: The 2009 European Parliamentary Elections

In this article we analyse the news coverage of the 2009 EP elections in all 27 EU member states (N = 52,009). We propose that the extent to which these second-order elections are salient to the media depends on political parties contesting the elections. Consistent with expectations, the findings suggest that the saliency of EP elections is increasing and that the degree of political contestation over Europe contributes to this development in a non-linear fashion so that only when contestation develops beyond a certain point, does media coverage increase.     

A rapid wire-based sampling method for DNA profiling

Abstract: This paper reports the results of a commission to develop a field deployable rapid short tandem repeat (STR)‐based DNA profiling system to enable discrimination between tissues derived from a small number of individuals. Speed was achieved by truncation of sample preparation and field deployability by use of an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser^TM. Human blood and tissues were stabbed with heated stainless steel wire and the resulting sample dehydrated with isopropanol prior to direct addition to a PCR. Choice of a polymerase tolerant of tissue residues and cycles of amplification appropriate for the amount of template expected yielded useful profiles with a custom‐designed quintuplex primer set suitable for use with the Bioanalyser^TM. Samples stored on wires remained amplifiable for months, allowing their transportation unrefrigerated from remote locations to a laboratory for analysis using AmpFlSTR^® Profiler Plus^® without further processing. The field system meets the requirements for discrimination of samples from small sets and retains access to full STR profiling when required.     

Accuracy and reliability of cone beam computed tomography of the jaws for comparative forensic identification: a preliminary study

Conventional computed tomography is an emerging modality in forensic identification but is not sufficiently accurate for use in dental identification primarily because of problems with metallic dental restoration-induced streak artifact. In this study, the accuracy and reliability of recording forensic information from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the jaws when compared to conventional panoramic radiographs has been analyzed under experimental conditions. Information could be recorded with near-perfect repeatability and reproducibility. Information could also be recorded accurately, the sensitivity being 96.6% (95% CI, 95.1-98.1) and specificity being 98.4% (95% CI, 96.2-100). The metal dental restoration-induced streak artifact was at a level that permitted, in most cases, accurate observations. This is considered an important step in validating CBCT as a tool in comparative dental identification of bodies. It may have a role in mass fatalities and in chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents, but further studies are required to assess the feasibility of this.     

我国青少年灾难心理素质影响因素评估基于Logit和Ordered Probit模型的估计

基于全国性问卷调研数据,综合运用Logit和OrderedProbit回归模型,分析了个人、家庭、学校、社会四个层面中的13种因素对我国青少年灾难心理素质的影响作用,并且分城乡进行了稳健性检验。发现学校、家庭、社区、媒体、自我教育时促进青少年灾难心理素质的提升具有重要影响作用;自我教育是增强青少年灾难意志的最关键因素;学校、家庭、社区、媒体对青少年灾难意志的培养教育缺失或存在偏差;女性和农村青少年的灾难认知水平显著低于男性和城市青少年;母亲受教育程度高的青少年灾难意志更薄弱。在此基础上,提出充分发挥各灾难教育因素的教育功能,探索各灾难教育因素之间的协作联动机制,充分激发青少年自我教育潜能,着力弥补灾难意志教育维度的缺失或偏差等建议。     

论新闻传播与公众知情权

知情权是公民最基本的人权之一,保障公众知情权是新闻传播盼本质要求和重要任务。新闻传播环境因素对媒介知情权乃至公众知情权的影响是多方面的。在当前新闻传播环境下。当务之急是保证媒介及公众知情权的实现。     

社区公共服务中的“吸纳式供给”与“合作式供给”——以社区减灾为例

本文研究多元主体供给社区公共产品的合作形成机制。在社区减灾中,公共服务供给主要有吸纳式供给和合作式供给两种模式。通过对这两种模式的比较分析,本文提出:政府对社会的总体性支配已经向政府、社会公私合作治理转变,不过,多元主体供给公共服务存在不同模式,不同模式的选择取决于行政考核形成的压力环境、事权与财权的匹配度。     

Investigation of Different Ways in Which the CODIS 7.0 May be Used in Mass Disaster Identification

DNA analysis is a key method for the identification of human remains in mass disasters. Reference samples from relatives may be used to identify missing persons by kinship analysis. Different methods of applying the CODIS in disaster victim identification (DVI) were investigated. Two searches were evaluated: (i) relating family relatives to a pedigree tree (FPT) and (ii) relating unidentified human remains to a pedigree tree (UPT). A joint pedigree likelihood ratio (JPLR) and rank were calculated for each search. Both searches were similar in average JPLR and rank. In exceptional cases, namely the existence of a mutation different from the CODIS model, a nonbiological father, a mistake in STR, or incorrect profile association, the UPT search returned one true rank, whereas the FPT search returned no results. This paper suggests a novel strategy to overcome these limitations and increase efficiency in conducting identification of mass disaster victims.