A Comparative Study of Nonprofit and For-Profit Web-Based Issue Advocacy

Abstract

Using the Web to advocate positions and actions on public issues is an emerging and potentially powerful means of shaping public opinion and action. Building on studies of Web advocacy in the political sector, this research employs content analysis to examine Web-based advocacy by U.S. for-profit and nonprofit organizations. For-profit organizations were found to engage in much more Web advocacy than nonprofit organizations. Those organizations that did engage in extensive advocacy, or were committed to multiple social values, appear to have come to adopt these postures or activities consistent with what a cost-benefit analysis of the impact on their enterprise would predict. With respect to region, the Northeast and South evidenced a higher and lower pattern of advocacy, respectively. Finally, greater financial resources predicted more extensive advocacy content generally; the particular issue areas this study examined were community focus, charitable causes, environmental issues, and diversity.     

Continuity,change, and priorities: The quality and use of regulatory analysis across US administrations

This paper compares the quality and use of regulatory analysis accompanying economically significant regulations proposed by US executive branch agencies in 2008, 2009, and 2010. We find that the quality of regulatory analysis is generally low, but varies widely. Budget regulations, which define how the federal government will spend money or collect revenues, have much lower‐quality analysis than other regulations. The Bush administration's “midnight” regulations finalized between Election Day and Inauguration Day, along with other regulations left for the Obama administration to finalize, tended to have lower‐quality analysis. Most differences between the Bush and Obama administrations depend on agencies' policy preferences. More conservative agencies tended to produce better analysis in the Obama administration, and more liberal agencies tended to do so in the Bush administration. This suggests that agencies more central to an administration's policy priorities do not have to produce as good an analysis to get their regulations promulgated.     

中国大陆台湾研究的现状与趋势——基于1991-2013年国家社科基金台湾研究立项项目的量化分析

本研究力图通过对1991—2013年国家社科基金台湾研究项目进行统计分析,从立项数量、学科分布、研究主题、立项机构和地域分布等方面对中国大陆现阶段台湾研究现状加以讨论,揭示出相关项目的表面特征及走势,项目内容的变化与发展情况,力图使研究者对台湾研究的未来发展趋向有更加准确的了解。     

The ‘White Working class’ in South Africa

In general, the analysis of classes in the literature on South Africa beginsfrom the political and ideological levels and not from the concept of the mode of production. The effect of this is to obscure the nature of the class structure and changes in it and leads to a neglect of shifts in class alliances in the class struggle. In this paper, concepts of the ‘white working class’ commonly found in the literature are critically analysed and an alternative conceptualization which begins from the mode of production is outlined. The paper ends with a brief analysis of changes in the relationship between the white working class and the state.     

中国社会现代化转型发展实践的话语变革

近代以来,“儒、佛、道”三位一体的中国传统哲学、西方现代性哲学乃至教科书的辩证唯物哲学,相继都陷入信任危机,中国的现代化实践频现哲学话语危机。所幸在改革开放实践中激发起来的马克思主义实践哲学,在哲学观念和理论形态上都具备论说当代中国现代化实践的话语潜质。所谓实践地论说发展,意在回归实践立场,充分汲取“中、西”诸家哲学话语的合理因素,深入阐释扬弃“人的依赖关系”和“物的依赖性社会”的实践机理,从构建优良社会生态人手,为中国社会现代化转型发展实践提供话语支持。     

社区治安风险评估与监控系统建设的几点思考

社区治安状况的优劣已经影响到整个社会的治安状况,社区治安风险评估能够为制定社区安全防范的具体措施和管理决策提供依据。本文以保障社区安全为目的,分析了研究社区治安风险评估与监控的意义;运用对比和归纳的方法,从国内外技术、知识产权、国内现有的工作基础和国内外技术发展趋势等角度总结了社区治安风险评估与监控研究的现状;并在对2010年某派出所盗窃机动车、抢夺、抢劫、入室盗窃等可防性主要刑事案件研判的基础上,进行了社区监控系统的需求分析。     

法和经济学的思想理论简述

法和经济学包含两方面内容：基于利用经济学的方法分析法律制度和基于法学角度解决经济学的问题。法和经济学理论经历了繁荣发展的过程,但其理论中理性人假设、价值主观性、财富最大化等层面存在大量的质疑。从法学的角度出发,利用法和经济学的方法可以有效解释法律＂是什么、为什么、怎么办＂的问题,而相关批评存在一定的偏见和缺陷。如今,法和经济学的发展已遇到瓶颈,需要更加注重法和经济学的实践应用以及自身理论的完善。     

Towards a ‘Civic’ Narrative: British National Identity and the Transformation of the British National Party

This article examines the ways in which the BNP utilises the elements of British national identity in its discourse and argues that, during Griffin's leadership, the party has made a discursive choice to shift the emphasis from an ethnic to a civic narrative. We put forward two hypotheses, 1: the modernisation of the discourse of extreme right parties in the British context is likely to be related to the adoption of a predominantly civic narrative and 2: in the context of British party competition the BNP is likely to converge towards UKIP, drawing upon elements of its perceived winning formula, i.e. a predominantly civic rhetoric of national identity. We proceed to empirically test our hypotheses by conducting a twofold comparison. First, we compare the BNP's discourse pre‐ and post‐1999 showing the BNP's progressive adoption of a civic narrative; and second the BNP's post‐1999 discourse to that of UKIP in order to illustrate their similarities in terms of civic values.     

基层民警单警装备使用现状调查分析——以江苏省苏北三市为例

为深入调查研究江苏省基层民警使用单警装备的现状,本研究设计了单警装备使用现状调查问卷,对江苏省苏北三座城市200多名民警进行问卷调查。通过数据分析发现基层民警在配备、使用单警装备上存在着一些问题,这些问题主要根源于投入、机制保障、教育培训、法律支持四个方面。     

“反对解释”有效性的逻辑考察

一般认为,不是所有的法条都可以进行反对解释。但是,所有的表示法律效果的法条都有其反面含义,都有与其等价的逆反命题。笔者经过研究认为,如果认为反对解释就是根据文字的正面含义推测其反面含义,那么所有的假言推理式的法条都有其反对解释。但是,只有法律要件和法律效果构成必要条件和充要条件的假言命题的法条,才可以采取否定法律要件进而否定法律效果的解释方式。充分条件的假言推理式的法条只能进行否定法律效果进而否定法律要件的反对解释,在这种情况下,否定法律要件,不能必然否定法律效果。