慢性浅表性胃炎中医证型分布与幽门螺杆菌感染、胃镜像及病理表现相关性分析

目的 探讨慢性浅表性胃炎(chronic superficial gastritis,CSG)中医证型分布与幽门螺杆菌(helico-bacter pylori,Hp)感染、胃镜像及病理表现的相关性.方法 选取150例经胃镜和病理检查确诊为CSG的患者,根据中医辨证分型将其分为肝胃不和型(n=38)、脾胃湿热型(n=2...     

Ideas and agency in immigration policy: A discursive institutionalist approach

Political science literature tends to depict the role of ideas in policy in two distinct ways: as strategic tools mobilised by agents to achieve pre‐given preferences; or as structures imposing constraints on what is considered legitimate or feasible. Discursive institutionalism seeks to combine these insights, suggesting that while actors are indeed constrained by deeply entrenched ideas, they nonetheless enjoy some autonomy in selecting and combining ideas. This article seeks to further develop this approach in two ways. First, it identifies three discursive strategies through which policy actors can selectively mobilise ideas: they may foreground one level over others; exploit ambivalence in public philosophies; or link programme ideas over time by invoking ‘policy legacies’. Second, the article elucidates the mechanisms through which such strategic selections can in turn modify existing public philosophies and programme ideas, thereby influencing policy change. These claims are examined by comparing discourse on immigration policy liberalisation in Germany and the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2008. Evidence is found of all three discursive strategies. Moreover, the article shows how, in the German case, these discursive representations led to longer‐term adjustments in underlying programme ideas and public philosophies on immigration.     

Against epistemic totalitarianism: the insurrectional politics of Bessie Head

This paper argues that South African writer, Bessie Head, crafted art that refuses discursive closure, or epistemic totalitarianism. The essay demonstrates this by examining Head's commitment to analysing power in the context of people's daily lives and her attention to the insurrectionary role of imagination in intervening in established dynamics of power. The first section draws connections between Head's practice of writing about ordinary people to her own experience and observations of living under South African apartheid. The second section focuses on the analytical links that Head makes between poverty, white privilege and institutional economic structures in order to demonstrate how her analysis of the rigidity of the system yielded an attentiveness to the need to be able to imagine other possibilities. The third section depicts Head's insurrectionary writing as part of a moral force that is, in part, a function of her analysis of the problem as an absence of imaginative possibilities. This, I suggest, indicates that – as with much critical African anti-colonial writing – Head's approach presents contemporary social theory with a challenge to epistemic totalitarianism that can be useful for addressing current issues.     

寻找疯癫"言说"的可能性:从考古学到系谱学的转换——读福柯《疯癫与文明》

主要探讨<疯癫与文明>中对于疯癫言说的可能性的问题,认为福柯通过疯癫的历史间断性和真理建构性的角度为疯癫言说的产生开启了大门,但在考古学时期作为"话语实践"的"严肃言语行动"的理论分析面对德里达的质疑需要重新思考.因此,试图从福柯理论转换的角度来为疯癫的言说可能性指出走向,认为在系谱学时期和性史的研究中,福柯通过对既包含历史的参与者与言说者的二重身份的"当下"历史的现代性探讨,和在性史中对于"自我技术"的探讨,为疯癫的言说提供理论上的可能性     

The coloniality of US agricultural policy: articulating agrarian (in)justice

Drawing on participatory action research with La Via Campesina’s US member groups, this paper traces the coloniality of US agricultural policy – and the uses of this analytic lens. The framework of coloniality conjures history, contextualizing US Department of Agriculture (USDA) racism within long legacies of subjugation, while paying homage to historical resistance. It raises the stakes regarding the neo-imperialism of agribusiness monopolies, while highlighting divide-and-conquer strategies and the colonialist mentalities that linger on despite reform. Assertions of coloniality, however, risk nostalgia for 18^th century pastorals, or may jeopardize hard-fought-for relationships of trust with USDA personnel. Deployment demands self-reflexivity, on the part of academia, which like the USDA is neo-colonial, yet not monolithic. Most importantly however, the discursive impact of coloniality builds upon existing, grassroots articulations of the need to decolonize agricultural policy. Calling out the coloniality of US agricultural policy echoes global revalorizations of peasant agriculture, while overcoming the constraints of the term ‘peasant’ in US-English-speaking contexts. Accordingly, it could facilitate dialogue among grassroots agrarian alliances within the US and, internationally, with international advocacy for peasants’ rights.     

The discursive flexibility of ‘flex crops’: comparing oil palm and jatropha

‘Flex crops’ such as corn, oil palm and soy are understood to have multiple, interchangeable uses; they have material flexibility. We propose that discursive flexibility – the ability to strategically switch between discourses to promote an objective – equally shapes the political economy of flex crops, and thereby patterns of agrarian and environmental change. Comparing oil palm and Jatropha curcas, we find that actors who cast oil palm as a multi-scale solution to food and energy insecurity, climate change and (rural) poverty successfully reinforce its high material flexibility. Jatropha's proponents compensate for low material flexibility by positioning the crop as a ‘sustainable’ energy source that achieves both global and local goals. While this paper focuses on discourses that reinforce the oil palm and jatropha projects, understanding the power of discursive maneuvering can also inform efforts to contest them.     

From voluntary to mandatory corporate accountability: The politics of the German Supply Chain Due Diligence Act

Following a long-standing and highly contested policy debate, in June 2021, the German parliament passed the Supply Chain Due Diligence Act requiring mandatory due diligence (MDD) of large companies, holding them accountable for the impacts of their supply chain operations abroad. Applying the discursive agency approach and using evidence from policy documents and 21 interviews with key stakeholders, we analyze the political strategies that paved the way toward MDD in Germany. The decisive strategy was an innovative benchmarking and monitoring mechanism that provided the legitimacy for a law and opened a window of opportunity for MDD supporters. Civil society and supportive politicians used this window of opportunity to build broad political coalitions that included the support of some companies. We discuss the ramifications of these findings for understanding the domestic politics behind the newly emerging norm of foreign corporate accountability.     

艾司唑仑对人体神经行为能力的影响

目的研究人体血液中艾司唑仑质量浓度和神经行为能力的关系。方法采用汉化第三版计算机化神经行为测试系统(NES-C3)和人体平衡功能测试仪(SMART Equi Test誖),通过自身对照的方式,对10名服用艾司唑仑者进行神经行为能力和平衡功能测试。结果受试者神经行为能力指数和平衡功能能力指数于服药后1h开始下降,服药后3h降到最低,服药后6h部分神经行为能力得到恢复,服药后10 h神经行为能力全部恢复。结论人体血液中艾司唑仑质量浓度为20ng/mL时,可损害驾驶能力。当艾司唑仑质量浓度达到40ng/mL以上时,人体神经行为能力严重下降。相同的艾司唑仑质量浓度在吸收阶段对人体的影响大于代谢阶段。     

Face Off: The Ironic,The Irenic and the Face Between

The formation of a school, whether feminist, critical, Marxist or other involves the establishment of a doctrine – literally a teaching – and a group of students or followers – the disciples who form the discipline. No doctrine without disciples has been the history of the schools and the formative principle of academic movements. They exist in the end to convert their students, old to young, male to female, female to male, or female to female, or any other possible combination of orientations. And conversion implies orthodoxy, institutionalization and hierarchy or at least a relation to hieros and hierarchy. This paper examines these themes in terms of the specific example of feminist legal studies and a curious recent discursive event, a polemical exchange on the identity of the movement, the face of feminist legal studies, as viewed through a eulogy and a challenge to that praise. Thanks to Richard Collier, Margaret Davies, Margaret Halliwell, Elena Loizidou, Desmond Manderson, Ngaire Naffine for correspondence, for relevant discussions, and candid responses. Especial thanks to Thanos Zartaloudis for a peculiarly detailed and hospitable reading, offered at a time when it would have been much easier, both just and more appropriate for him to say very little, almost nothing. And emotive thanks as well to Linda Mills for her customary frankness and finely honed attention.     

电子商务犯罪的表现、原因及防范对策

随着电子商务的发展,电子商务犯罪也成为犯罪学、刑法学界关注的一个热点问题.本文主要从犯罪学角度对电子商务犯罪现象做了分析,认为电子商务犯罪在犯罪主体方面、给社会造成的危害方面及被处理方面都有自己的表现形式;电子商务交易对"安全性"的特别要求、买卖交易模式的变化、信息管理不严、金融电子化风险、税收制度滞后等构成了电子商务犯罪产生的原因;刑法手段、刑法外法律手段及其他手段构成了防范电子商务犯罪的对策.