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排序方式: 共有320条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
JOHAN DEN HERTOG 《European Journal of Law and Economics》1999,7(3):241-260
There is a unexpected phenomenon in the majority of complementary pension plans in the Netherlands. Unlike other arrangements that are the result of collective bargaining and decision making, these pension plans increase the inequality in the distribution of (lifetime) income. In those plans, persons without a career contribute to the payment of pension provisions of those with a career. Generally speaking, this implies that blue-collar workers and women pay for the pensions of white-collar workers, who are mostly men. For some of the contracting parties, the terms of the pension contract seem to be disadvantageous and suboptimal. The question arises as to why these contracts are being concluded and how they can survive in a competitive environment. Moreover, since the pension plans are the result of collective bargaining between the organisation of employers and the labour unions, the question arises as to how reversed solidarity fits the alleged redistributive goal of the labour unions. The analysis leads to the following conclusions. Firstly, that information and transaction cost, collective agreements, legal barriers and market failures on substitute arrangements prevent the conclusion of optimal contracts. Secondly, employers would find the pension plan attractive because it discourages shirking, enhances productivity and the process of job matching and reduces labour turnover. Thirdly, a pension plan based on final salary is in the interest of the median voter in the labour union, who is older and earns a higher seniority wage than junior workers. Furthermore, in the given circumstances the pension plan enlarges union membership and the dues income of the union and endows the union leadership with more prestige and influence. Individual union members would not oppose such a pension plan for reasons of informational asymmetry, transaction cost and the inability to capture the full benefits of their actions.A comparison of the pension schemes of Belgium, Germany, France and the UK shows that there are large differences in the structure and content of retirement provisions. Reversed solidarity may also be part of the pension plans in Belgium and the UK. 相似文献
92.
This study examines the effect of two variables—relationship and grouping—on the distribution of resources which are unearned, or adventitious. Strangers and acquaintances made decisions about the distribution of an adventitious resource either as individual decision makers or as members of a small group. Results indicate that acquaintances were more likely to share the resource than were strangers, and that group members were more likely to share than were individual allocators. Equality received the highest overall rating as a norm for distributing the adventitious resource. At the same time, subjects expected allocators to keep the resource instead of applying an equality distribution norm. 相似文献
93.
This paper presents a theoretical framework for the integration of distributive and procedural justice in positive and negative outcome allocations. The framework consists of seven basic assumptions, seven propositions, and seven groups of interrelated hypotheses. The expected outcome offers a coherent program for future justice research based on the realization that distributive and procedural aspects of fairness cannot be meaningfully treated (1) in isolation from one another, and (2) without taking into account the valence of the allocated outcome. The framework should also reveal the need to reassess existing distributive and procedural justice study conclusions that neglected to examine the interactive effects of the allocation outcome (distribution) and the procedure and the outcome valence. 相似文献
94.
论辩诉交易制度及在我国公诉中的适用可能 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
辩诉交易权是检察机关自由裁量权的应有之义 ,辩诉交易制度在英美法系的美国和大陆法系的德国都获得了长足发展。起诉便宜主义及检察机关依法拥有撤回和变更起诉的权利在我国刑诉法上的确认 ,为辩诉交易制度在我国的确立提供了理论依据 ,实践中也有适用辩诉交易的可能。 相似文献
95.
芮珍平 《福建公安高等专科学校学报》2003,17(2):71-73
作为美国独具特色的刑事法律制度,辩诉交易制度在提高诉讼效率方面起到了一定的积极作用。在我国目前的法律环境下,引入辩诉交易制度是可行的、必要的。只要运用得当,对于实现刑事诉讼公正与效率的双重价值目标具有重要意义。应结合我国当前普通程序简易审和量刑建议改革,建立符合我国国情的辩诉交易制度。规范操作辩诉交易制度的一个总的原则就是应当处理好社会、被告人和被害人三者利益的关系。 相似文献
96.
Gustavo Fanton Broilo Ana Tereza Spinola Yann Duzert 《美中公共管理》2010,(2):24-33
This paper seeks to outline the profile of the Chinese negotiators in light of the negotiations that took place during the month of October 2008 between a major Brazilian importer of manufactured goods, which the authors will call "Brazilian company" and six Chinese companies from the cities of Guangzhou, Pinghu and Hangzhou. The authors will provide succinct examples of stages in the negotiation process and seek to link them to the ten elements of the matrix of complex negotiations, namely: context, interests, options, power, cognition, relationship, concessions, compliance, criteria and time; There are four steps involved in the process: preparation, value creation, value division and execution. 相似文献
97.
沈建峰 《中国劳动关系学院学报》2019,33(4):1-14
集体合同是一种自治机制和市场机制,这种自治基础上的市场机制本身导致其与传统私法的合
同制度难以分离。从法教义学角度看,集体合同以私法合同的形式成立和消灭,对工会和用人单位或用人单位
联合会具有债权效力,这些都是私法现象;传统私法曾试图通过代理理论和有利于第三人的合同理论解释集体
合同对劳动者和用人单位的效力,但都不能自圆其说。为此,大陆法系国家承认了集体合同对劳动者和用人单
位的规范效力,并提出社团理论、国家授权理论、自治理论,分别从社会法、公法、私法的角度解释上述规范
效力。从中国集体合同制度发展的历史、社会经济基础和制度设计来看,私法的解释方案依然最优:集体合同
以合同的方式成立,通过职工(代表)大会的决议行为获得对全体劳动者的约束力,即规范效力。因此,集体
合同是一种私法上的制度。 相似文献
98.
Confidence and Caretakers: Some Less‐Obvious Implications of the Fixed‐Term Parliaments Act
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James Strong 《The Political quarterly》2018,89(3):466-473
This article explores the 2011 Fixed‐term Parliaments Act's less‐obvious implications. First, it discusses why Theresa May found calling the 2017 election so straightforward, and notes what this implies for how FTPA works. Second, it looks at executive–legislative relations. FTPA removed the government's ability to designate controversial parliamentary votes as matters of confidence, and introduced a fourteen‐day cushion between a no‐confidence vote and Parliament's dissolution. In the process, it shifted the balance of power from ministers to backbenchers, to an extent potentially greater than most observers recognise. Third, it considers the more outlandish possibilities raised by FTPA's imposition of a fourteen‐day waiting period after a government's defeat on a no‐confidence motion before a new election can be called. It is possible, for example, for rebel MPs from the governing party to use the no‐confidence procedure to force concessions from the cabinet. Finally, it assesses FTPA's long‐term survival prospects, and what repeal would involve. 相似文献
99.
Why does the government appeal for concertation? Starting from the principal?agent framework and delegation theory, the article argues that the government is more willing to share decision-making power with trade unions when the policy preferences endorsed by the unions are closer to those of the cabinet. Furthermore, it maintains that government propensity to negotiate with trade unions increases as the heterogeneity of union policy preferences grows because the cabinet can exploit its agenda-setting power to divide the union front. The article tests these two hypotheses through a longitudinal analysis of the Italian case (1946–2014). In detail, it takes advantage of two original datasets built through content analysis that provide unique in-depth information on the policy preferences of parties and cabinets and measures the policy positions of the main Italian trade unions, thus allowing assessment of their reciprocal heterogeneity. The results confirm the expectations. 相似文献
100.
黄玉业 《中国劳动关系学院学报》2018,37(6):83-90
工资集体谈判制度是职工工资的民主决策方式,也是工会保障职工经济权益的重要手段。作为当前以改善民生为重点的社会建设的一项战略性任务,工资集体谈判在具体的实践过程中起到了一定的积极作用,尤其是在保障职工最低工资等方面成效显著。由于当前工会方的经济非独立性,从而使谈判话语权较弱,以及企业和职工对经营成果分配的不满等,导致谈判质量较低,特别是职工工资增长的谈判不够理想,从而使利益分配成为工资集体谈判的关键点。为此,针对工资谈判中的利益分配问题,本研究试图设计一个既能够满足企业的利益需求,又能够维护职工的正常工资需求的"工资联合确定模式",即在工资谈判中运用"HU理论",进行操作,实现劳资双赢,从而化解工资集体谈判在实践中的实施难题。 相似文献