Statebuilding in Divided Societies: The Reform of Dayton in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract

Drawing from the literature on conflict regulation and other plural society theories, this paper provides a framework of analysis to explore the dynamics involved in the external statebuilding process in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The analysis is based on a three-level framework whereby patterns of conflict regulation are analyzed at the inter- and intra-ethnic levels, as well as what this article terms the ‘supra-national’ ethnic level, where interactions between domestic and external actors are considered. In order to explore these issues empirically, this paper examines the process of constitutional reform in BiH over the course of 2005–6, drawing from personal interviews. The paper concludes that, while the assistance provided by external actors has proven substantial, the neglect of intra-ethnic dynamics and other related considerations have often rendered external actors’ efforts at shaping the statebuilding process in BiH ineffective.     

我国城镇化进程与进城农村青年的人文关怀

城镇化指农村人口转化为城镇人口的过程,是工业化、现代化进程必然经历的历史阶段。改革开放之后,我国大量农村人口向城市的转移为现代化、城镇化注入生机和活力,丰富了城镇建设的人力资源,这支力量的主体是青年。在这一过程中进城农村青年经历了很多艰辛,主要表现为权利平等、权益维护、人格尊严、资源共享、社会保障等方面的缺失,即社会人文关怀的缺失。加强对进城农村青年的人文关怀、推进市民化进程,需要制定政策、形成制度。     

关于资源型城市转型的几点思考

该文从中国资源型城市面临的新形势出发,就中国资源型城市的优势与发展道路的选择进行了探讨,并从主导产业的选择和产业结构重构的角度提出了资源型城市转型必须大力实施开放先导、科技创新和可持续发展等三大战略,形成以可持续发展战略为基础、开放战略为主导、科技创新战略为支撑的战略体系。     

Challenges in conflict management in multi-ethnic states – the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and Serbia and Montenegro

This article examines the break-ups of post-communist Czechoslovakia and the Union of Serbia and Montenegro under consociationalism. According to Arend Lijphart, social divisions may be neutralized at the elite level with power-sharing mechanisms. Lijphart's theory has been abundantly criticized, particularly because, while its intention is to induce cooperation, consociationalism does not give leaders actual incentives to cooperate. Czechoslovakia and the Union qualified as consociations; however most favorable factors were absent. The states failed to overcome their divisions and broke apart. Both states were going through a democratization period, experienced differently in each republic. The article argues that the application of consociationalism at this time magnified the divisions. Stirring up the ethnic sensitivity of the population was the most reliable strategy for politicians to secure popular support. In this context, and with the EU enlargement prospect, the consociational structure, instead of bringing elites together, weakened the federal power and provided elites the opportunity to defend republican interests at the expense of the federations. Hence, while a consociation requires certain conditions and favorable factors, the context in which consociationalism is implemented, and particularly democratization periods, may have a decisive influence on the leaders’ ability to cooperate, on their decisions, and thereby on the state.     

开展厦漳泉环保同城化研究 提升海西环境竞争力

“海峡西岸”发展战略已从区域战略上升为全国战略,厦漳泉则是海西建设的重要力量,在转变经济发展方式过程中,开展厦漳泉环保同城化研究,对推进科学可持续发展有十分重要意义。该文从推进厦漳泉环保同城化重大意义及基础条件入手,学习借鉴其他城市环保同城化成功经验,提出推进厦漳泉环保同城化的对策建议：树立科学的指导思想及原则;突出重点合作领域;建立健全保障机制。使厦漳泉建立起一整套相互合作义互相制衡的体制机制,使区域内各城市在安排生产力布局、调整产业结构时,既充分考虑本地的环境承载能力,更考虑区域的环境承载能力,避免以邻为壑。共同推进区域经济社会与环保协调发展,使海峡西岸经济区到2012年生念环境继续改善,到2020年生态文明建设位居全国前列。     

首都危险物品安全管理工作研究——以建设世界城市为视角

在建设世界城市过程中,首都危险物品管理工作面临着严峻的反恐防暴形势,只有深刻剖析首都危险物品安全管理中出现的新情况、新问题,改进管理模式,完善并创新管理手段,建立健全危险物品管理机制,全面推进危险物品安全监管信息化、规范化建设,才能提升首都危险物品安全管理的总体水平,为世界城市建设提供良好的社会环境。     

论设区的市地方立法空间的释放

目前,设区的市地方立法在事项范围及对行政行为设定权方面,都存在空间过于狭小的问题,已造成地方治理所需法律规范供给不足、立法特色难以体现、抄袭上位法现象严重、细化成为多余等现实困境。必须从解决地方治理对法治规范需要和充分发挥地方立法积极性等初衷出发,努力释放设区的市地方立法空间。对立法事项的范围要全面扩展;对行政行为设定的立法空间要采取分类设置,通过一事一授权和精准授权方式实现地方立法空间的释放。要通过修改《立法法》等相关法律释放地方立法空间。同时,对立法权空间释放后的各种担心,要从理论上作出分析和解释,以扫清赋权中的理论障碍。     

城乡社会化环境对进城务工子女成长影响的研究

进城务工子女经历了城乡社会经济文化两种社会化环境,其价值观念、行为规范和交际准则等社会化内容大不相同。进城后,他们身受双重社会化标准的影响,从把固有的纯朴作为社会化的准则,到将各种“期望”作为追求的目标,会形成自己社会化的特点。造成社会化内容和目标不同的主要因素是社会化环境的改变。     

对城中村改造的思考

改革开放后,国民经济得到了迅猛发展,城市化进程大大加快,但由于社会管理具有相对经济发展的滞后性,农村就业、户籍、社会保障等政策没有相应程度的改变,造成了现在的种种遗留问题。为此,应制定城市房地产发展政策,聚积资金,逐步实施改造,定位于发展廉租公寓,根据城市规划的要求,将新村纳入整个城市发展空间,多方筹集改造资金,改革集体资产产权制度,建立股份公司,对转制后的城中村,统一实行社会化管理。     

政策模糊视阈下试点政策执行机制研究 ——基于低碳城市试点政策的案例分析

试点是中国政策实践过程中的一种常见现象,现有研究多从政策制定和政策创新扩散的视角研究试点的运行机制,而忽视了试点的政策属性。试点是一种特殊的政策类型,其执行不同于一般的政策执行过程。从府际关系基础上所形成的政策模糊属性出发,采用案例研究方法,通过对低碳城市试点政策进行深入剖析,探究试点政策的执行机制。研究发现,试点政策经过一系列复杂的动态过程,依靠四种执行机制得以落实:一是在执行中规划,即以规划推动执行的方案规划机制;二是双轨并行的执行制度保障机制;三是多重嵌套的试点示范落实机制;四是模糊与清晰交叉共存的策略选择机制。四种机制相互衔接、相互依存,推动了试点政策的落实。