Placing sons and daughters in the church: Strategies used by the gentry of Central Catalonia to maintain social status in the 17th and 18th centuries

This study analyses strategies for placing sons and daughters used by Notaries, Doctors of Law and Honorary Citizens of Manresa in the 17th and 18th centuries. Reconstructions of several family trees show that all of the sons, except the heir, went into the church and many of the girls remained single or went into convents. The consistency of this behaviour has led to an interpretation in terms of how these families maintained their social status, given their particular way of gaining access to resources. This study traces the way the younger generations entered the church and how they returned resources to the families they came from. Celibacy excluded many sons and daughters from inheriting the family patrimony and opened the way to combining patrimonies with other families. This happened if the heir had no children and the inheritance went to the eldest daughter married to the heir of another family. Combining patrimonies was one of the strategies used to deal with the problem of declining incomes suffered by these families.     

房产税改革面临的法律困境与出路——以沪渝两市房产税试点为例

房产税改革伴随着中国房地产宏观调控应运而生,对于国家收入分配制度和税收制度改革亦具有重大意义.该文以当下沪渝两试点地区的房产税改革现状为切入点,阐释了中国房产税改革所面临的困境,提出制定统一的房产税法、建立房屋产权登记制度、明确房产税税收要素、健全税收征管机制并合理配合保障房建设等解决问题的思路,旨在为房产税的良性运行提供持续稳定的长效保障.     

辽宁沿海经济带中心城镇的辐射带动作用

城镇化是指农村人口向城镇人口转化的过程,同时具有人口持续集聚的特性,是中国在工业化过程中必然经历的历史阶段。在发展辽宁沿海经济带城镇化进程中,出现顶层设计的缺失、中心城镇的示范作用不明显、有城无业导致人口集聚难等不和谐音符,该文从中心城镇的设计与建设角度,多角度论述了中心城镇打造成要素集聚区,实现对周边卫星城镇的辐射带动作用。     

政策模糊视阈下试点政策执行机制研究 ——基于低碳城市试点政策的案例分析

试点是中国政策实践过程中的一种常见现象,现有研究多从政策制定和政策创新扩散的视角研究试点的运行机制,而忽视了试点的政策属性。试点是一种特殊的政策类型,其执行不同于一般的政策执行过程。从府际关系基础上所形成的政策模糊属性出发,采用案例研究方法,通过对低碳城市试点政策进行深入剖析,探究试点政策的执行机制。研究发现,试点政策经过一系列复杂的动态过程,依靠四种执行机制得以落实:一是在执行中规划,即以规划推动执行的方案规划机制;二是双轨并行的执行制度保障机制;三是多重嵌套的试点示范落实机制;四是模糊与清晰交叉共存的策略选择机制。四种机制相互衔接、相互依存,推动了试点政策的落实。     

非公企业中外来务工青年群体浅究

本文剖析了非公企业中外来务工青年群体的生存状态和思想状态,并就共青团组织如何服务于外来务工青年作了从机制、手段、方法等方面的理论探讨.     

New Forms of Youth Activism in Contested Cities: The Case of Beirut

Lebanese youth are constructed through fragmented lenses, and are recipients of partial, unresponsive, and often irrelevant policies. Despite these constraints, many youth have become actively engaged in political life, especially since 2005. Three types of youth engagement can be identified: i) the ‘conformists’, who privilege their sectarian belonging, ii) the ‘alternative groups’, who engage in professional NGOs, and iii) the new ‘activists’, who prefer loose organising centred on progressive and radical issues. New forms of youth activism in the contested city of Beirut have been able to exploit interstitial openings for seeds to grow into potentially “disruptive mobilizations”. While these resistances may have been limited up to now in time and space, youth activist groups still embarrass, hold accountable and constrain hegemonic politics. They may be generating seeds of collective action that still have to be further structured and organised.     

异质性会影响城市间价格差异吗?——基于ESTAR模型的收敛性分析

Inter-regional price differences reflect the degree of market segmentation. This paper focuses on the heterogeneity factors, such as location, size, which impact on the price differences .We divided the CPI sub-items of 36 cities by local production, and verified the nonlinear variation features for price differences by Exponential Smooth Transition Autoregressive (ESTAR) model. The conclusions are as follows: the most cities' price differences are convergent, about 50% of the cities in line with the nonlinear of the lower the price deviation, the slower the convergence rate; the heterogeneity has significant impact on price differences, low transaction costs causing big cities (coastal cities)to have higher convergence ratio than small cities (Mainland cities), but the high labor and living cost making the convergence ratio of locally-produced Commodity in big city become lower. The results illustrate that the labor and living cost are becoming a major source of price differences between cities, which also hinder the market integration process, and transport costs at least no longer important in big cities.     

设区的市地方立法权运行现状之考察

为加强地方法治建设,《立法法》赋予了设区的市地方立法权,并对其立法提出了相应要求。然而,现实运行中,设区的市地方立法存在着追求数量、抄袭同位法、超越立法权限范围并有侵害法治统一的情形。为此,需要对设区的市地方立法事项范围做出明确解释和限定,加强省级人大的批准程序和国家权力机关的备案审查力度,并建立定期评估制度。同时,设区的市也要在坚持立法节约原则的前提下,通过委托第三方起草立法文本、实施有效的公众参与立法等方式,真正提高立法质量。     

The Impact of Gravity-Weighted Knowledge Spillovers on Productivity in Manufacturing

This paper tests for localized knowledge spillovers from out-of-state innovations in U.S. manufacturing from 1977 to 1997. The source of these spillovers is innovations categorized into six technologies based on U.S. patent classes and patent data. Using a gravity-weighting for out-of-state innovations, knowledge spillovers are found from mechanical technologies and drug and medical technologies for a broad group of manufacturing industries. Innovations from chemical-related technologies are found to generate spillovers for the Chemical and Allied Products Industry and for the Transportation Equipment Industry. Additionally, specialization of production at the two-digit Standard Industrial Classification of industry level is also found to increase state-level productivity in manufacturing.     

中国城市化进程中治安行政执法的创新

伴随着经济的高速发展,中国的城市化进程也在加快,由于片面发展城市,城乡差距越来越大,出现了各种矛盾和问题。因此,治安行政执法的创新,就显得尤为重要。