Pitirim Sorokin’s contribution to rural sociology: Russian,European and American milestones of a scientific career

ABSTRACT

The whole of Pitirim Sorokin’s fascinating and difficult scientific life led to his fundamental works on urban–rural relationships being expressed in the terms ‘rural–urban continuum’ and ‘rurbanism’. However, only a few special studies have been devoted to different aspects of his biography and scientific interests. The legacy of Sorokin as a rural sociologist has not yet become a subject of special studies in Russian social science. This contribution considers the key stages of Sorokin’s scientific career as contributing to the development and institutionalization of rural sociology as a discipline closely connected with urban sociology.     

Workers,state, and development in Brazil: powers of labour,chains of value

This paper examines the significance of landscape and memory in peasant–state relations in Eritrea since independence in the early 1990s. During this period, people were being resettled around cultivable land in the western lowlands as a means of recuperating land and society after prolonged warfare. Projects of statemaking in Eritrea, involving both refugee resettlement and agrarian development, have drawn from a national narrative of lost fertility and deforestation caused by generations of colonial extraction and violence. This paper explores how shared memories of environmental change, an ecological nostalgia, become a means through which people from diverse ethno-linguistic, religious, and regional backgrounds come together to imagine a collective future based in creating livelihood from farm land. However, as people reclaim remembered landscapes and face the challenges of rebuilding communities and livelihoods during a time of tense political and economic change, their ideas of a shared future diverge from state-led projects of nation-building. This article argues that ecological nostalgia legitimises state interventions into rural livelihoods but also provides a means for people to speak and critique the state under conditions of increasing fear and silencing.     

Looking beyond the economy: Pussy Riot and the Kremlin's voting coalition

The arrest of the protest punk band Pussy Riot (PR) in March 2012 and the subsequent prosecution of three band members pose a significant puzzle for political science. Although PR's performances presented a coherent alternative to the Putin regime's image of Russian reality, it was unlikely that the discordant music and crude lyrics of their art protest would inspire Russian society to take to the streets. Yet, the regime mounted a very visible prosecution against the three young women. We argue that the trial marked a shift in the Kremlin's strategy to shape state–society relations. In the face of declining economic conditions and social unrest, the PR trial encapsulated the Kremlin's renewed focus on three related mechanisms to insure social support: coercion, alliance building, and symbolic politics. The PR trial afforded the Kremlin an important opportunity to simultaneously redefine its loyal constituency, secure the Church–state relationship, and stigmatize the opposition.     

交通事故的灰色预测模型及其实证研究

灰色系统理论中的灰色预测模型,论述了交通事故系统的灰色性,并采用GM（1,1）灰色预测模型对交通事故进行实证研究。根据某地区交通事故的统计数据建立灰色动态数列预测模型。灰色预测模型是一个微分方程,称为GM模型（GREY MODEL）。GM（1,1）则是1阶的,1个变量的微分方程型模型,这种模型与数理统计的方法比较,求解较易,计算量小,精度较高。     

论新时期“无直接利益冲突”矛盾预警与应急机制

“无直接利益冲突”是众多参与者与事件本身无关,只是表达、发泄一种情绪的社会冲突。其通常表现是起哄、扎堆、看热闹,严重的可引发骚乱。社会矛盾预警应急机制可有效预防和化解“无直接利益冲突”。新时期“无直接利益冲突”呈现出的新情况、新趋势、新动向等特征,迫需构建这种机制。构建这种机制,需夯实“地直接利益冲突”预警应急的基础,建设科学、高效的矛盾预警与应急系统。     

广域组织RCEP下我国货物贸易流量的影响因素——基于静态面板数据的贸易引力模型

在广域一体化组织RCEP的区域范围内,运用基于静态面板数据的贸易引力模型分析方法,对我国货物贸易流量影响因素的问题进行了研究。首先探讨了什么是RCEP及其发展历程,其次对我国与其他RCEP成员国间的货物贸易流量进行描述性统计,接着对货物出口流量与GDP等诸多影响因素间的关系进行实证研究,再通过对描述性统计和计量研究进行总结,认为我国与其他RCEP成员国间的货物贸易增长较快但增长率并不稳定,GDP和距离因素是影响相互间贸易的主要因素,人口数量、TPP及FTA是次要因素。     

海事审判助推滨海新区功能发展的思考

随着滨海新区开发开放的不断推进,功能定位的不断拓展,对外开放的不断扩大,一些新的政策陆续推出,对海事司法提出了更高的要求和期待。为更好地服务滨海新区开发开放,文章以海事审判的价值追求和职能定位为切入点,对滨海新区涉海经济的快速发展以及面临的海事司法需求进行了分析研究,提出了司法应对措施,以促进海事司法服务滨海新区职能作用的发挥。     

重物落水后运动过程的数学模型

为更好描述重物落水后的运动过程,设计了模拟封堵溃口小型试验,首先对重物落水后运动过程的影响因素进行分析,对采集的试验数据进行了分类处理,并对典型的试验数据进行比较分析,突出主要影响因素.其次对水中的重物进行了受力分析,以大实心方体为例,初步建立重物在水中运动过程的二阶微分方程模型（模型1）,结合步长搜索法和最小二乘法确定压差阻力系数的初始范围,然后在Matlab平台下做非线性最小二乘拟合求解运动模型中压差阻力系数kx、ky;在模型1的基础上引入速度后损率kv,完善了重物在水中运动过程的二阶微分方程模型（模型2）,并对模型中2的参数进行求解.模型结果验证显示,引入速度后损率后的模型2能比较好地反映重物落水后的运动过程,并对以后的研究提供了参考.     

网络监督发展趋势与对策——基于软件工程学中的瀑布模型分析

网络监督发展迅速,其监督的内容纷繁复杂,当前主要以反腐败为重点。引导网络监督的健康有序发展需要执政党以前瞻性的视角,分析其发展规律,才能在网络监督的过程中,牢牢把握主动权,体现马克思主义执政党的先进性。利用网络监督发展趋势瀑布模型,研究网络监督内容的层次性,引入民主集中制原则,构建网络反腐和网络反庸并重的网络监督制度体系。在网络反腐和网络反庸取得成效的同时,网络监督的重点必然会依次加上对干部从政能力的监督、民主参政的诉求以及科学决策等各个方面。     

强制调解模式研究

通过搭建“强制调解的主导者”和“强制调解的适用阶段”两个维度所形成的框架，可以对强制调解进行类型化分析并提炼出四种模式。一国或地区选择何种强制调解模式，要受到程序正义理念、传统法律程序等因素的综合影响。基于我国实际，未来有必要引入司法性诉前强制调解模式，实现从程序保障提高、调解人适格和制裁措施到位三方面确保诉前强制调解优势的发挥，同时有必要对我国原有的司法性诉中强制调解模式进行改造，实现调解者与审判者身份的分离和调解程序与审判程序时空的分离，并在立法中明确赋予法官动态裁量调解启动的权力以及启动调解时应当考虑的基准。