反倾销法上从低征税规则的适用

在欧盟等适用从低征税规则的WTO成员方，反倾销税并非一律根据倾销幅度确定，而是根据倾销幅度和损害幅度中的低者确定。从低征税规则具有合理性，不仅为越来越多的成员方所适用，而且在WTO多哈回合谈判中得到了绝大多数成员方的支持。从低征税规则适用的关键在于损害幅度的计算。作为欧盟计算损害幅度的两种基本方法，削价法和低价法在实践中得到了广泛的应用，对其他成员方具有重大的影响。中国应该在反倾销中适用从低征税规则，并借鉴欧盟的削价法和低价法。     

论著作权集体管理组织的注意义务

著作权集体管理组织的注意义务的存在基础在于法律设置权利义务的公平性与公正性。著作权集体管理组织在与作者订立集体管理合同时,有义务审查该作者提供的作品的权利归属及作品的法律状态;在与作品使用人订立著作权许可使用合同时,有义务审查该使用者申请使用的作品是否属于著作权集体管理组织的会员作品;在已经授权作品使用人使用作品后,有义务审查作品使用人对作品的使用情况是否符合法律规定及合同约定。在法律中明确规定著作权集体管理组织的注意义务能有效降低法律成本,减少纠纷的发生。     

投资者到金融消费者的角色嬗变

金融产品的日益抽象化、复杂化和金融交易模式的日益综合化、专业化，导致金融市场投资者群体的身份转化与角色嬗变。非专业投资者或者大众投资者逐渐与消费者融合，成为一类新的市场主体即金融消费者。金融消费者是为满足非营业性的个体金融需要而购买或使用金融商品或者享受金融服务的自然人。对于金融消费者存在其中的法律关系，需要建构体现特殊宗旨或调整方法的法律规范。我国可以在保留现有证券、银行、保险、信托分业监管和分业立法的格局下，建构以保护金融消费者权益为核心的金融服务法或金融消费者权益保护法。     

Do intergovernmental transfers affect the distribution of manufacturing production across regions in federal countries? Theory and evidence for Argentina

The effect of changes in the distribution of top-to-bottom intergovernmental transfers on the location of manufacturing production is analysed using a modified version of the footloose capital model. An increase in the share of transfers received by a region increases its share of manufacturing production the larger are transaction costs; the larger is the share of transfers going directly to consumers; the larger is the share of manufacturing consumption vis-à-vis non-tradable consumption; and the easier consumers can substitute among manufacturing varieties. Using data for Argentina for 1983-2005, the empirical analysis appears to support the existence of two distinctive regimes, with smaller/poorer provinces benefiting in terms of the location of manufacturing production as a response to an increase in transfers. Also, for these provinces, the benefits are greater if they are politically aligned with the federal government, especially through the receipt of discretionary transfers. For large/rich provinces, the evidence is less conclusive.     

Mass grave localization prediction with geographical information systems in Guatemala and future impacts

Conducting physical searches for mass grave locations based on anecdotal evidence is a time-consuming and resource-intensive endeavor in circumstances that often pose a threat to personal safety. The development of tools and procedures to speed such searches can greatly reduce the risk involved, increase the number of individuals whose remains are recovered and identified, and more importantly, reunite these remains with their loved ones to provide them with a proper burial. Geographic information systems (GIS) software, which can analyze and manipulate the spatial characteristics of known mass grave data, represents a powerful tool that can be used to predict new mass grave locations and increase the speed and efficiency with which they are investigated. Using the open source QGIS project, existing mass grave locations in Guatemala were analyzed based on their distance from and change in elevation relative to roads, streets, waterways, points of interest, and possible villages/towns. Statistical and geostatistical analyses performed to detect relationships among the variables resulted in patterns that warrant further study and can be used to further narrow areas of investigation.     

BITING ONCE,TWICE: THE INFLUENCE OF PRIOR ON SUBSEQUENT CRIME LOCATION CHOICE

Properties, victims, and locations previously targeted by offenders have an increased risk of being targeted again within a short time period. It has been suggested that often the same offenders are involved in these repeated events and, thus, that offenders’ prior crime location choices influence their subsequent crime location choices. This article examines repeated crime location choices, testing the hypothesis that offenders are more likely to commit a crime in an area they previously targeted than in areas they did not target before. Unique data from four different data sources are used to study the crime location choices of 3,666 offenders who committed 12,639 offenses. The results indicate that prior crime locations strongly influence subsequent crime location choices. The effects of prior crime locations are larger if the crimes are frequent, if they are recent, if they are nearby, and if they are the same type of crime.     

职务犯罪心理研究

职务犯罪是在病态心理支配下所进行的行为。通过对职务犯罪的心理病变进行的病理学研究 ,认为职务犯罪心理系二因致病。在内因方面 ,需要偏离导致职务犯罪者对官职、财富与“美色”的病态追求 ,动机偏离导致职务犯罪行为人对“奋斗目标”产生疯狂的“热情” ;在外因方面 ,社会因素是职务犯罪的媒化剂。职务犯罪的主要病态心理类型包括精神压抑症、胜利恐惧症、骄横跋扈症和奢侈症。并就此提出了职务犯罪的心理疗法     

论沉默权和如实陈述义务

沉默权制度是现代法治国家刑事司法的一项重要制度。我国《刑事诉讼法》规定,犯罪嫌疑人对侦查人员的提问应当如实回答,这两种制度存在着冲突、矛盾。文章对两种制度的含义、价值进行了全面的比较分析,得出两种制度利弊相当的结论,进而提出在我国应建立相对沉默权制度。     

试论当前职务消费腐败

从社会学的角度看,当前职务消费腐败本质上从属于权力腐败范畴,在实际中,它是职务犯罪的重要诱因之一。它有既定的含义,表现形式多样,社会危害严重,其产生有社会政治、经济和文化等方面的原因。要预防和制止职务消费腐败现象的产生,就必须从监督体制的构建、综合改革的实行、思想道德的培育等方面着力,以竭力遏制职务犯罪。     

公务违法与法律责任制度研究

针对我国法律生活的现状 ,本文对国家公务人员违法行为的构成及种类、公务违法行为责任者各种法律责任 (与政治相关的法律责任、刑事法律责任、民事法律责任、行政法律责任等 )及其追究进行了研究。