论职务犯罪指定管辖的利与弊

近几年来,刑事司法实践中指定管辖的案件越来越多,特别是对涉及职级较高官员的职务犯罪案件,指定管辖几乎已成为一种趋于固定的模式。由于有关刑事案件指定管辖的法律规定不够完善,理论研究相对薄弱,导致指定管辖实践中的许多问题不能很好地得到解决。因此,结合现有法律规定和法理,兼顾现实需要与可能,对职务犯罪指定管辖实践中的问题进行深入分析和探讨,逐步加以改进和完善,就显得十分必要。     

肖志军案中的刑法难题和价值取向——不作为、因果关系与间接故意之新界

丈夫拒绝签字导致妻子死亡的行为属于间接故意杀人。肖志军因具有法定的救助义务而成立不作为;刑法应偏向患者利益,在医疗领域中采用风险增高理论来判断因果关系;在拒签时,肖志军认识到了妻子死亡的具体危险性,这决定了他属于间接故意的杀人。在社会救助体制缺失时,刑法期待通过强化个人责任而确立"全力救助患者生命"的价值导向。     

安全保障义务与不作为侵权

最高人民法院人身损害赔偿司法解释第6条引入了源自德国判例的交往安全义务。但法院在审判实践中遇到的真正困难在于不作为或间接侵权的结构性特征所带来的因果关系难题。引入安全保障义务对解决这一难题的意义在于,如果安全保障义务的内容正是防止处于其保护范围内的人遭受第三人的侵害,或者防止处于其控制范围内的第三人侵害他人,那么认定义务人违反了此义务就可化解因果关系难题,但其意义也仅限于此。侵权责任法草案(二次审议稿)第14条对于第三人行为介入的各种情况欠缺考虑与准备,存在过度抽象之嫌,且一般性地否定了间接致害侵权存在的空间,将会带来严重的负面影响。     

中国法语境中的检察官客观义务

检察官客观义务,是指检察官超越控方立场,坚持客观公正。检察官履行客观义务是检察制度的基本要求,但基于不同的司法制度背景,形成以德国法和美国法为代表的两种类型。检察官为履行打击犯罪的职责需成为热情的控方当事人,又因客观义务而应充当冷静的、无偏倚的司法官,而这两种角色是相冲突的。应当注意客观义务论作用的限度并警惕其可能产生的负面效应,同时注意通过外部制度保证客观义务。在我国,因为检察制度的性质及其制度背景,更须确立检察官客观义务。为此,需要进行一系列的调整,如检讨与合理设定内部绩效制度、在一体化与独立性之间寻找平衡点,尤其应注意遵循诉讼规律,维系诉讼构造功能。     

论我国《侵权法》中安全保障义务人制度及其完善——从比较法角度审视

我国司法判例引出的问题及司法解释的局限性引起了学界对侵权立法中安全保障义务人制度的深入思考。因此,借鉴与研究大陆法系“善良家父”标准和英关法系“合理人”的注意制度,特别是英美法中的典型案例,并结合我国侵权立法的实际,提出适合我国国情的安全保障义务人的种类具有重要的现实意义。     

A War on Cops? The Effects of Ferguson on the Number of U.S. Police Officers Murdered in the Line of Duty

Police agencies in the U.S. are currently facing a major legitimacy crisis resulting from a spate of high-profile use of force incidents, many involving minority citizens. Recent headlines emphasize that there is now a “war on cops” and that police officers are facing increasing levels of hostility and violence fueled by a growing anti-police sentiment. In the aftermath of events in Ferguson, Missouri in August 2014, some commentators claim that the number of police officers feloniously assaulted and killed in the line of duty has increased sharply. Using time series analysis of data from the Officer Down Memorial Page, we test whether events in Ferguson were associated with an increase in the number of police officers murdered in the line of duty. Our results provide no evidence for a “Ferguson Effect” on the number of U.S. police officers murdered in the line of duty as of March 2016.     

Does it matter whether people will know that I did not vote? The role of social norms and visibility

People behave in accordance with social norms when they feel observed or when they know their behaviour is monitored or could be disclosed. Get-Out-The-Vote experiments show that individuals are more likely to vote when told that their behaviour will be disclosed. In everyday life, however, there is much uncertainty about whether people will indeed know if one turns out to vote. I argue that fear of disapproval should only mobilize citizens to vote when they expect that their (non-)voting will be visible to others. Using original survey data from Canada, I measure expectations about whether others will vote, would disapprove if the person abstains, and will know whether they have voted or not. Furthermore, I distinguish between expectations concerning the partner, family, friends, and neighbours. Results suggest that respondents who expect others to vote are themselves more likely to vote, but I find no evidence that disapproval and visibility are related to turnout in everyday life.     

论执法为民中的警察意识

执法为民是构建和谐社会的重要途径,公安机关践行“三个代表”重要思想的根本体现就是“立警为公,执法为民”。新世纪新阶段,公安机关人民警察执法为民,就是要做到增强公正意识,权为民所用;增强人权意识,情为民所系;增强法律责任意识,利为民所谋。     

The Democratic Duty to Oppose Brexit

What should be the position of democrats in response to the Brexit referendum? Many urge a duty to accept the result. This article argues the contrary. If someone is a UK citizen, has a belief that leaving the European Union will be damaging to the common good of the UK and is a convinced democrat, then that person has a duty to oppose Brexit. Neither of the two principal reasons for accepting the result—a claim of popular sovereignty or of parliamentary sovereignty—imply a duty not to continue to oppose. Arguments from political equality for simple majority rule do not apply when the alternatives are ill defined. More generally, popular sovereignty presupposes and does not replace constitutional democracy, and in a parliamentary democracy there is always a continuing right to oppose.     

台商对大陆投资区位选择的影响因素分析——基于偏最小二乘回归方法的最新考证

台商对大陆投资的区位选择,受地区市场规模及其增长潜力、对外开放水平、基础设施完备程度、集聚经济状况、人力资源质量与生产成本等多方面因素的影响。针对2007年台商投资的偏最小二乘回归结果表明：除效率工资和税负水平外,其余区位因素对于台商投资有正向影响;东、中、西部地区的区位因素影响力表现出一定的差异,反映在经济发展水平不同的区域,台商亦有不同的区位决策过程;在经济转型时期,大陆各省区的集聚经济与市场发育程度最受台商关注,市场规模和潜力的影响作用尚未有足够体现,而劳动力因素对于台商投资区位选择的影响较小。