H5N1和H9N2亚型禽流感病毒型特异性抗原捕捉ELISA检测方法的建立

采用禽流感病毒多克隆抗体及型特异性单克隆抗体,研究建立了型特异性抗原捕捉ELISA检测方法,用于检测H5N1和H9N2亚型禽流感病毒。优化了反应条件,确定了包被抗体、检测抗体及酶结合物的最佳工作浓度,对该方法的敏感性、特异性、重复性及稳定性进行了分析,并与病毒分离鉴定的结果进行了比较。结果表明,该方法敏感、特异,具有良好的重复性和稳定性,可用于临床样品及鸡胚、细胞培养物中禽流感病毒的检测。     

Social Structure and the Typical Career of the Swiss Diplomatic Elite

This Research Note analyzes the origins, the social structure, the typical career and the patterns of promotion of the Swiss diplomatic elite. The results highlight the fact that the diplomatic elite has well‐differentiated career patterns which point to a high degree of professionalization. The average Swiss diplomat has spent two decades within the diplomatic service and more than 60 percent of his career on assignments abroad before having been appointed ambassador. But the typical career pattern of Switzerland's diplomatic elite seems to change partially. On the one hand, the percentage of lawyers within the elite has been constantly decreasing, and on the other the young ambassadors have been spending much more time in Bern than their older colleagues. These are some indications of a pluralization and differentiation of the diplomatic elite. In respect to the typical career of an ambassador, one has to emphasize the fact that most ambassadors start their careers on the foreign policy periphery before they are promoted to more prestigious posts and that they are until the very end of their careers subject to mandatory transfers which lead to a continuously high regional mobility.     

警用活体指纹采集系统基本原理及技术创新

目的创立一种警用多个数字传感器同通道活体指纹采集系统。方法应用多个数字传感器定时同步控制技术、模拟无穷远成像技术、自适应采集参数控制、指位校准、内置专业模糊匹配算法等进行技术创新。结果有效提高活体指纹采集的成功率。结论该系统在实践工作中有广泛应用价值。     

Monetisation of electoral politics and the challenge of political exclusion in Nigeria

This paper argues that money has become the deciding factor in Nigerian politics. It has served the purposes of consolidating elite rule as well as the political exclusion of the non-elite. A discernible ‘ritual of money politics’, has enabled the power elite to remain in power, and new comers to develop the elite character. This paper concludes that money politics is at the heart of the general crisis of democracy and governance in Nigeria, and unless this is mitigated, reforms aimed at bringing about good governance and curbing other anomalies in the political system may not produce the desired results.     

北伐期间日本的“满蒙观”与“九·一八”事变

北伐时期日本面对东北亦将被统一于中国中央政府之下的局势,出现了"满蒙放弃论"、"满蒙相对论"与"满蒙领有论"3种不同的政策主张。"满蒙放弃论"由于承认中国的民族主义觉醒、重视中国全局的经济利益而放弃了帝国主义,在近代日本对华政策史上留下了理智克己的一笔,但其力量有限未能成为主流。"满蒙相对论"虽也承认中国的民族主义觉醒并重视"经济扩张"手段,但却不能放弃帝国主义,最终沦为武力侵略者。"满蒙领有论"则奉行武力主义与强权主义,成为日本发动"九·一八"事变的直接策划者。     

现代警察体育擒拿格斗教材结构革新探究

将70年代以来的警察体育教材比较分析后发现,长期以来,警察体育擒拿格斗教材更新频率较低,存在教材内容设置、结构安排等与培养目标不相适应、科学性不足等缺陷。为此,必须依据现代教育思想和教育规律,对教材从课程理念、法律特色、内容结构、版面结构和组织结构等方面进行改革,编制新型的警察体育擒拿格斗教材。     

Elite-led development and Mexico’s independent coffee organisations in the wake of the rust epidemic

Abstract

Between 2012 and 2016 a virulent strain of coffee rust reduced Mexican yields by more than 50%, and it is still devastating production. The government has responded by replacing traditional arabica plants vulnerable to the pathogen with resistant, high-yielding varieties to recover the sector and encourage long-term adaptation to a disease that cannot be eradicated. However, this contribution will attempt to show that the intractable nature of the epidemic and the biological characteristics of resistant varieties threaten the survival of independent coffee organisations and their agroecological shade coffee systems. With little or no possibility of recovering production without the use of resistant plants, the alternative production and marketing models that these organisations have constructed over the past three decades face unprecedented challenges.     

Between Globalism and Localism,Italian Style

Survey and historical evidence reveal that Italians have emerged as the European masters of multiple loyalties, balancing relatively weak levels of state nationalism with strong affinities for sub-state, continental and global identities and institutions. These distinctive patterns can be traced to elite opinion leadership, the perceived material and psychological benefits derived from the European movement, and the legacy of the First Republic's party system.     

大众化的追求与精英化的倾向——马克思主义中国化研究中的意识形态问题

马克思主义中国化研究很难摆脱精英化的倾向。马克思主义的本性决定了马克思主义中国化研究必须坚持大众化的意识形态,把自身看成马克思主义的大众实践的一部分。马克思主义中国化研究者只有正确认识马克思主义中国化中精英化与大众化的关系,才能破解其大众化追求中的意识形态困境,坚持大众化的方向。