National trends in female arrests, 1960–1990: Assessment and recommendations for research

Trends in female criminality from 1960 to 1990 are examined. The main focus is UCR arrest statistics but other sources of evidence are also used. Major findings include the following: (1) relative to males, the profile of the female offender has not changed; and (2) the principal change in the female percentage of arrests involves the overall rise in property crime, especially minor thefts and frauds. The effects of broad-based legal and societal trends on female criminality are discussed and an agenda for research on the issue of female crime trends is proposed.     

社会制度对大学生就业的影响

影响大学生就业的重要因素是高等教育结构特别是高校专业结构、劳动力市场供大于求的状况、社会制度以及大学生自身的因素.解决青年大学生就业难问题,社会制度起到了重要的作用.作为政府首先要高度重视,在教育系统与劳动力市场的整合方面下功夫,从而优化大学生创新和创业的政策和环境.同时,大学毕业生自身的努力也尤为重要.     

The Employment of People with Criminal Records in the European Union

This paper summarises a large-scale research project, jointly funded by the European Commission and the Northern Ireland Office, about the legislation, policies, and practices which act against the employment of people with a criminal record in the European Union. The disparity of legal guidance between countries effectively restricts the opportunities for people with a criminal record to work in the country they choose. This paper intends to increase awareness of the policies across Europe which affect the employment of people with a criminal record with a view to addressing the marginalisation of this group and thereby encouraging the re-integration of ex-offenders into society. Details of the work undertaken by a project based in Northern Ireland, 'Coping with Convictions' which endeavours to tackle some of the existing barriers to ex-offender employment are described. In addition, the recent introduction of UK legislation, allowing employers greater access to criminal record information, and the implications this may have for ex-offenders seeking employment are also discussed.     

Trade Unions and Employment Relations in Italy during the Economic Crisis

Abstract

Many of the usual assumptions about the impact of the economic crisis on trade unions and employment relations only partially fit the Italian case. Trade unions during the crisis showed resilience both organisationally and as important actors in economic and political life. Also, the national industry level reaffirmed itself as the key level in industrial relations. Explanations of these unexpected outcomes have to do with some features of all three actors of Italian employment relations. Trade unions have become over time a relevant actor not just in the industrial relations arena but in several other spheres of Italian society and politics. As to employers, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have tended to prefer national sectoral-level agreements and set rather low wage standards, while employers’ associations have shown an organisational interest in preserving centralised bargaining where they play a role. Finally, governments have been too weak and short-lived to follow a consistent strategy of unilateral decision-making.     

在陆台湾青年毕业生就业创业选择意愿、影响因素与制度优化研究——基于福建省10所高校的调查分析

吸引在陆台湾青年毕业生在大陆就业创业,拓展台湾青年毕业生大陆就业创业的广度和深度,是新时代推动两岸和平统一和共享发展机遇的重要抓手。文章采取现场访谈和网络调查相结合的方式,通过对福建省10所高校学生的实证分析,重点从政策体系和制度机制的角度厘清在陆台湾青年毕业生就业创业所面临的政策重制订轻落实、就业创业成本高难度大、指导服务体系不完善等现实问题,从学习生活维度、区域偏好维度和愿景发展维度入手,优化政策供给内容与形式,突出各方“主体性作用”;构建精准服务平台与渠道,落实台生“同等化待遇”;注重就业创业能力建设与规划,提供全程“闭环式指导”。     

论青年志愿者专业化与大学生就业

我国的青年志愿者于1993年起步至今已有近20年,青年志愿者尚处于非专业阶段。传统意义上的志愿者服务随意性大,专业技能低。这些不足不仅仅造成志愿服务效果差、服务持续性低,更降低了青年志愿者从志愿服务中所获得的就业能力提升的可能。试通过对青年志愿者现状及青年志愿者专业化概念的论述,探讨青年志愿者专业化对大学生就业的影响。     

我国大学生与农民工就业质量分析——以国际分工地位的影响为视角

本文分析了我国在国际分工中的地位对大学生和农民工两大群体就业质量的影响。产业链中产品设计、仓储运输、原料采购、订单处理、批发经营、终端零售等六大软环节的发育不足导致大学生就业难、就业质量不高;加工制造的分工环节给农民工提供了大量岗位,但成本上涨压力和国内国外的激烈竞争降低了农民工的就业质量。     

转移农村剩余劳动力的对策研究

自1978年以来,我国农村剩余劳动力开始了大规模转移。数以千万计的农民流入城市寻求就业机会。这种现象对我国社会产生了重大影响。本文就劳动力转移进城的现状,农村劳动力进城就业的作用以及影响我国农村人口向城市转移的因素等问题进行了研究。     

工会组织在青年就业及就业安全中的作用研究

青年是就业市场的生力军,其就业状况直接影响经济发展和社会稳定。目前青年就业形势严峻。中国工会在国家政治经济中的地位决定了其在青年就业及就业安全的作用不可或缺,诸如:参与制定青年就业政策、提供青年就业信息、培训青年就业技能、维护青年就业安全、帮扶困难青年就业和大力支持青年创业。推动国家和社会资源的有效整合、完善工会组织构建的多层次青年就业服务体系、拓展工会服务青年就业的服务内容等,以更好地鼓励和扶持青年实现创业创新。