工业锅炉节能环保新途径—分层给煤燃烧

通过调查研究与论证,分析指出了工业链条锅炉由于燃烧不充分而对能源和环境产生的影响,并制定了相应的解决方案和措施.在使用新技术后,取得满意效果.     

论和谐治理与合作型政府治理模式构建

和谐社会的理想境界要靠以政府为主导的和谐治理来实现;以政府为主导的和谐治理可称为合作型政府治理模式。合作的时代诉求和现实基础彰显了选择该模式的必要与可行。合作型政府治理模式的基本特征是:多元主体,民主决策,法治化管理,市场和社会化服务,责任过程和效能结果。该模式的构建须有宽容态度和发展眼光,需要提高民主法治质量,发展公民社会,建立协商对话机制与合作文化环境,加快行政改革,推进政府转型。     

审视与整合：超越统治与治理的视野

笔者从辩证唯物主义的角度出发,将统治与治理相融合,提出“第三种模式”,并且阐释了“第三种模式”的基本理念、基本价值,以及实现的基本路径。     

论国有独资公司治理结构的完善——基于新《公司法》的考量

完善的国有独资公司治理结构是国有独资公司规范运作的前提,也是国有独资公司健康发展的关键所在。新《公司法》对国有独资公司的治理结构作出了新的规定,但仍有许多不完善的地方,架构新的国有独资公司治理结构仍是保证国有独资公司健康发展的当务之急。我们应在明确国有资产监督管理机构职责、加强董事会决策、监事会监督、充分发挥银行在治理结构中的作用等方面对国有独资公司治理结构加以完善。     

县域社会经济发展与府际关系的调整——以金华—义乌府际关系为个案研究

县域社会经济的迅猛发展带来传统府际关系的矛盾冲突,从经济关系、行政关系和治理关系这一三维分析框架剖析这一矛盾冲突,能有效解释地方府际关系变迁与发展的逻辑。金华—义乌府际关系的典型案例可以得出三个结论:(1)合理的经济关系必须符合市场经济规律的客观要求,它不仅仅是单向的辐射关系,而且更是双向的对流关系。(2)科学的行政关系必须回应权力运行的规则,它不是单一的行政管辖,而是双方的权力互动。(3)和谐的治理关系必须基于社会发展的规律,它不是单边的各自为政,而是双边的利益共生。惟其如此,地方府际关系才能从根本上实现长效的制度安排,并为地方政治文明、物质文明和精神文明的发展提供永续的制度支持。     

On the Regulation of the Discretion of Environmental Administrative Punishment: Based on the Framework of the Modernized Environment Governance System

With the increasing environmental risks, the limitations of legislative regulation, negative judicial regulation and weak administrative regulation make it difficult to regulate the exercise of the discretion of environmental administrative punishment, which also increases the difficulty of the implementation of environmental administrative penalty decisions. The government, enterprises and the public three-dimensional main body structure constructed by the modern environmental governance system provides a new framework for the discretionary regulation of environmental administrative punishment. Based on the traditional theories of administrative Law, three regulation mechanisms can be formed,which include administrative self-control, negotiation regulation, and the social regulation. These three regulatory mechanisms working together in the whole process of environmental administration would regulate and restrict the exerting of discretion of environmental administrative punishment.     

Citizens’ Perceptions of Governance in Rural and Urban China

This article presents three main findings from a purposive stratified survey of urban and rural residents. First, Chinese citizens “disaggregate” the state with high levels of satisfaction for Central government that fall dramatically as government gets closer to the people. Satisfaction levels are noticeably lower for those in rural China. Second, attitudes about the way policy is implemented by local governments raise concerns. Irrespective of place of residence, respondents feel that when implementing policy local officials and governments are mainly concerned with their own interests, are more receptive to the views of their superiors rather than those of ordinary people, favor those with money, and are formalistic in implementing policy rather than dealing with actual problems. Third, the areas of work that citizens would really like government to concentrate on are job creation and providing basic guarantees to protect against the shocks of the transition to a market economy. Tony Saich is the Daewoo Professor of International Affairs, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University and Director of the Harvard University Asia Center. His recent research focuses on the development of social policy in China, particularly on the provision of public goods by local governments. His publications include Governance and Politics of China by Palgrave and edited volumes on Financial Sector Reform in China (with Yasheng Huang and Edward Steinfeld) and AIDS and Social Policy in China (with Joan Kaufman and Arthur Kleinman both by Harvard University Asia Center. He would like to thank Edward Cunningham for his great help in preparing this article. He also wants to thank Victor Yuan (Horizon Market Research Company) for his tremendous help in designing the survey and implementing it. In addition, I would like to thank Anita Chan, Martin King Whyte and two anonymous reviewers for their extremely helpful comments on an earlier draft.     

Coal and nuclear technologies: creating a false dichotomy for American energy policy

The American electric utility industry is entering a moment of transition. Once viewed as a stable and secure consortium of publicly regulated monopolies that produce and distribute electricity, the industry has weathered market restructuring only to face the ever-present risk of natural disasters, price fluctuations, terrorist attacks, and blackouts. This paper uses five criteria—technical feasibility, cost, negative externalities, reliability, and security—to evaluate the broad portfolio of energy technologies available to American electricity policymakers. Upon close inspection, energy efficiency practices, renewable energy systems, and small-scale distributed generation technologies appear to offer many advantages over large and centralized nuclear and fossil fueled generators. Contrary to the mimetic commentary produced by the media, these three approaches would present policymakers a superior alternative for curbing electricity demand, minimizing the risk of fuel interruptions and shortages, helping improve the fragile transmission network, and reducing environmental harm     

Sustainable governance of natural resources and institutional change–an analytical framework

This article presents a conceptual framework for analysing the governance of natural resource use, as governance is often the primary issue when natural resources are overexploited and degraded. It addresses both spontaneous and active governance, including institutional change induced by development co‐operation. Drawing on existing frameworks of institutional analysis, fundamental modifications are presented to adapt the concept to the context of international co‐operation, and to include dynamic aspects of institutional change as well as multiple actor interactions. Tested in several case studies, the framework was found suitable and relevant for use in project planning and evaluation, as well as for comparing governance issues across cases in a conceptually rigorous way. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seychelles: Democratising in the shadows of the past

This article is an assessment of the country's governance and the likelihood that the country can break free from the shadow of former President René and his one-party state. The paper examines eight key areas of democratic governance: the constitution and rule of law; the judiciary; the National Assembly; elections; civil society; the internal security forces; economic life; and the executive. Although it finds some changes for the better over the last few years, old habits remain of a politicised judiciary, a blurring of the boundaries between party and state, regime policing, partisan distribution of state benefits and a constrained National Assembly. It concludes with a discussion of the likely role of the former incumbent, given that he still retains the chair of the ruling party and shows little sign of allowing the new President to be his own man. The likelihood of further governance progress for Seychelles depends on the political courage of President Michel.