对查缉战术思想理论基础的思考

查缉战术是指导警察执法战斗自我保护和防止袭击的理论基础。缉控行动具有正义性、法律性、危险性、合理性、秘密性等特征,警察使用武力等级可划分为六级,需根据实战状况审慎使用。     

市场规制中的执法权冲突及其解决路径

清晰的执法权配置是提高市场规制质量的首要条件。在我国竞争法实施过程中,频繁发生的执法权冲突现象严重影响着市场规制的质量。如何解决执法权冲突,是一个兼具理论和实践意义的课题。从程序主义视角,国务院相关部委和最高人民法院都难以从根本上解决这一）中突,只有全国人大常委会及其授权立法机构才是最合适的裁决者。从实体主义视角,构建公权力的横向配置理论才是解决执法权冲突的根本。该理论认为,执法权应当配置给能以最低的管理成本完成管理目标的主体。影响管理成本的核心要素包括规制机构的重置成本、信息获取成本、管制俘获和多元执法机构的协调成本,这些要素所组成的成本衡量体系是配置执法权的一个基本分析框架。     

论行政执法程序抗辩权的概念

学界关于行政执法程序抗辩权概念的诸观点具有一定的启发与借鉴意义,但也呈现出些许缺憾。文章通过对现有概念的反思与扬弃,重构了行政执法程序抗辨权的内涵,展现了行政执法程序抗辩权的外延,并阐明了行政执法程序抗辩权与行政执法程序抵抗权及行政诉讼辩论权等相关范畴的界限。     

两岸海洋管理制度比较研究

近年来,人们对海洋及海岸地带的开发日渐增多,这一方面带来了丰富多样的资源,另一方面却又使海洋及海岸地带的环境和秩序面临着前所未有的压力与冲击,这一状况使人们不得不开始关注并审视关于海洋治理的问题。台湾地区作为一个四面环海的地区,在海洋治理方面之作为应有其可取之处。另外,以总体性观念与方式处理海洋（包括海岸地区）事务的观点已成为国际的主流思潮。因此,从立法,行政和执法三个层面上对比中国大陆和台湾地区的海洋治理制度,寻求台湾地区海洋治理中的先进做法,并审视两岸在治理中共同存在的问题以及与总体性海洋治理理念上的差距,并提出改进建议。     

道德难题与立法选择——法律道德主义立场及实践检讨

传统的法律道德主义者认为国家对道德事务享有判断权,并且在必要时为了保护社会可以动用法律限制公民的道德自由。然而该理论却无法回应"道德民粹主义"和"经验主义"的批评,在此基础上发展出来的新法律道德主义理论尽管精致,但仍然面临着"帕累托挑战"和"权衡难题"。有关法律道德主义的主要争议并不在于道德是否能够入法,而在于其入法的限度和具体方式。中国的立法、执法及司法的各阶段中均存在着不尽相同的法律道德主义形态,隐藏于其背后的"道德的法律强制"值得警惕,我们无法一劳永逸地确定出一条自由社会的道德底线,而注重各种价值之间的权衡却实属重要。     

股东表决权刍议

股东表决权是指股东基于其股东地位而享有的,就股东大会议案进行表决和对公司董、监事进行选举的权利,是股东权的基础.股东表决权行使原则,行使方式有其特殊性.针对我国公司股东表决权行使中存在的问题,在公司立法上应建立股东表决权的代理行使、书面行使,表决权信托制度;禁止对股东参加股东大会加以限制;建立股东表决权排除制度,累积投票制度;明确对股东大会表决、选举结果的公证制度.     

Defining Environmental Justice Communities for Regulatory Enforcement: Implications from a Block‐Group‐Level Analysis of New York State

The absence of a clear definition of environmental justice areas has been cited as one of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's major deficiencies in managing federal environmental justice programs. Several states have explicitly defined potential environmental justice areas and integrated targeted efforts into the policy‐making process. At the block‐group level, this study evaluates the effects of New York State's environmental justice policy, which defines communities of concern in terms of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as mandates supplemental regulatory enforcement activities for these neighborhoods, on the agency's policy implementation practices under the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act. The empirical findings suggest that there is inconclusive evidence regarding race/ethnicity‐ and class‐based environmental inequity. Also, the state's policy intervention is not universally effective. Moreover, task environments of a given community are a consistent determinant of the agency's regulatory compliance monitoring and assurance activities. This study then derives broader implications regarding the adoption of a policy instrument that defines and screens potential environmental justice communities.     

Judicial enforcement deputies: Causes and effects of Chinese judges enforcing environmental administrative decisions

This paper explores how and why Chinese courts became involved in regulating pollution by aiding administrative agencies in executing sanction decisions and collecting pollution levies. It also studies the effects of their regulatory involvement, both in terms of deterrence inferred from available information, as well as the compliance behavior of regulated actors defined as payment of regulatory penalties. It finds that judicial involvement in regulatory enforcement proved to be short‐lived and depended on a particular context at a particular period of time when a regulatory need coincided with administrative and financial judicial needs and particular judges. The paper also finds that court involvement enhanced deterrence in terms of certainty of punishment and to some extent the severity of punishment; however that deterrent effect was undermined by the close relationship between the courts and the regulated entities as fines and levies were almost always negotiated. In effect, deterrence increased the number of compliers paying levies without increasing the depth of compliance in terms of their full payment.