中国传统官本位思想生发的文化生态根源

官本位思想是中国传统政治文化和政治实践的集中体现:农耕社会对权威的服从是官本位思想滋生繁衍的社会生活基础;血缘宗法制度和家国一体的社会结构进一步固化了社会尊卑等级关系;以等级特权为核心的官僚体制为官本位思想提供了体制上的安排和制度上的保障;官僚阶层对社会政治、经济资源的垄断和控制,形成了凭借官职等级控制、支配社会资源的利益驱动和价值导向;科举制度把社会各阶层特别是社会精英阶层的价值取向引导到追求功名利禄上来;中国传统文化对礼治的尊崇为官本位思想的发展提供了理论基石。     

论“合理期待原则”在保险法中的适用——以司法裁判为视角

“合理期待原则”建立在保险合同附合性基础上,但与疑义不利解释、格式条款的说明义务、免责无效制度等格式条款传统规制规则不同,其是在总结、反思上述规则的基础上,产生的一种独立的保险合同规则。适用“合理期待原则”并不是简单地满足投保人的主观期待,而是在探究可能导致投保人与保险人利益失衡的各种客观因素的基础上,为平衡保险各方权利义务而做出的必要司法调整和干预。“合理期待原则”的适用会导致一定程度上的缔约自由萎缩,为了保持司法的谦抑性,有必要明确“合理期待原则”的客观适用标准和具体适用程序,以实现公平和效率的统一,并为我国最终引入该规则提供有益的借鉴。     

客观真实与法律真实之争--也谈我国刑事诉讼证明标准

刑事诉讼的证明是应以客观真实还是以法律真实为标准,一直存在争议.我国现行刑事诉讼法规定的证明标准的存在缺陷,应以法律真实为理论基础,建立主客观相统一的刑事诉讼证明标准.     

禽副粘病毒2型标准株和国内分离株的透射电镜及免疫电镜观察

将禽副粘病毒2型的标准毒株Yucaipa病毒和国内分离株F4、F6和F8株分别接种SPF鸡胚,收获鸡胚尿囊液;经差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心后,分别制备电镜样品和免疫电镜样品;经10 g/L醋酸双氧铀负染后电镜观察病毒粒子形态.电镜下病毒粒子大小差别较大,形态呈圆形或椭圆型,直径150-300 nm,有结构致密的基质蛋白膜,有的囊膜外可见纤突.免疫电镜样品中病毒明显集中,便于观察.     

关于医疗纠纷的法律适用问题

近些年,随着人们法律意识的不断增强,特别是对医疗单位的要求越来越高,使医疗部门成为高风险行业,由此形成了诸多医疗纠纷。如何合理合法的解决好医患纠纷,不仅是医疗机构亟待解决的问题,更是影响到百姓民生的大事情。笔者通过调查实践,从医疗纠纷存在类型、如何选择医疗鉴定、何种情况适用司法鉴定以及适用赔偿标准等方面加以论述。     

浅议档案管理的科学发展

档案是人类文明的真实写照,是人类认识世界、改造世界的真实记载。社会的发展、经济的繁荣促进了社会对档案信息需求的增长。也带动了我国档案事业的向前发展。档案管理具有举足轻重的作用,它承担着向社会传播档案信息。为我国政治、经济、文化、教育的发展提供信息服务的功能。     

试论规范研究生学术道德之途径

研究生学术道德腐败问题在近几年日益严重。主要有内因和外因两方面原因。因此,要规避研究生学术道德腐败,实现学术的创新繁荣和健康发展,就必须扭转社会不正之风,培育良好的学术氛围,完善研究生评估机制,加强学风建设和规范化教育。研究生更要以身作则,自觉遵守学术规范,不断提高自身的学术素养和学术道德规范意识。     

Institutional design of ecolabels: Sponsorship signals rule strength

Ecolabels are designed to help consumers identify environmentally superior products and services; however, they are not all created equal. Some ecolabels have strong rules that promote environmental improvements, while others have weaker rules that permit free‐riding. Because information about ecolabel design and rule strength is typically not readily available at the point of purchase, consumers struggle to differentiate stronger ecolabels from weaker ones. We investigate whether ecolabel sponsorship is a signal that can help consumers distinguish between ecolabels according to the quality of their institutional design. Using data of 189 prominent ecolabels, we find that while most ecolabels have basic rules for environmental performance, monitoring, and conformance, the strength of these rules varies across labels according to sponsoring organization. Independent sponsors have the strongest ecolabel rules, followed by governments. Industry sponsored ecolabels have the weakest rule structures. Taken as a whole, these findings suggest that sponsorship may provide important information about whether an ecolabel is designed with rules that effectively condition firms to promote meaningful environmental improvements.     

Post‐crisis reforms in banking: Regulators at the interface between domestic and international governance

Post‐crisis international standards have been agreed on in certain areas of banking regulation, namely capital, liquidity, and resolution, but not others, namely bank structure – why? We articulate a two‐step analytical framework that links the domestic and international levels of governance. In particular, we focus on the role of domestic regulators at the interface between the two levels. At the domestic level, regulators evaluate externalities and adjustment costs before engaging in cooperation at the international level. This analysis explains why regulators in the United States and the European Union act as pacesetters, foot‐draggers, or fence‐sitters in international standard setting; that is to say, why they promote, resist, or are neutral toward international financial standards. At the international level, we explain the outcome of international standard setting by considering the interaction of pacesetters and foot‐draggers.     

最低工资政策约束下的劳动力转移分析和政策启示——基于托达罗模型的一个解释

文章基于托达罗模型,分析在最低工资标准上涨预期和最低工资地区级差约束下劳动力从农村到城市的转移和再转移行为,并从产业、城市化和人力资本投资等角度提出政策主张,以实现我国劳动力资源有序转移和有效配置。