Factors Contributing to Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms: A Test of Three Developmental Models

In a longitudinal study on 115 early adolescents, the impact of major events, relationship stressors, and coping style in interaction with biological changes on depressive outcome in late adolescence were explored. Three developmental models proposed by Nolen-Hoeksema and Girgus (1994, Psychol. Bull. 115: 424–433), which attempt to explain the emergence of gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms, were tested. Multiple regression analyses conducted to test Model 1 identified two etiological factors associated with gender differences of depression, namely, stress in the adolescent–mother relationship and a more negative body image. Tests of Model 2 revealed etiological factors which correlated with depression in adolescent girls but not adolescent boys. The correlational patterns of avoidant coping and body image emerged as relevant factors for Model 2. Finally, tests of Model 3 searched for factors which were more likely to be observed in adolescent girls than boys and which would put girls at risk should they interact with a third etiological factor. Early maturational timing emerged as a factor for Model 3.     

浅论干部生活作风建设

干部生活作风在诸作风中具有基础性地位 ,并在一定程度上决定着党的整个作风的面貌。注重生活作风建设标志着党在理论上的进一步成熟及针对紧迫的现实问题的勇敢回应 ,是从严治党的具体化。加强干部生活作风建设就要领导干部和领导机关带头 ,制定和采取有针对性的政策和措施 ,在法制的范围内出奇招、狠招 ,才能使干部生活作风建设取得实效。     

“仁爱生命”与生态伦理

"仁爱生命"的道德观理念是中国传统人文理念尤其是儒家学派人文理念的重要组成部分,这种人文理念充满了高尚的道德情怀、博大的生命境界,是建构现代生态伦理可资借鉴的良好文化资源.对生命的"仁爱"这种道德情怀同对万物的"敬畏"这种宗教情怀一样,它都能引发人们对生命,对万物,对自然的一种心灵关怀,一种行为庇护.建构现代合理的生态伦理,需要寻找和获得这种人文理念作为深层次之文化动力的广泛支持.     

论《水浒传》具体性描写的话语意义

《水浒传》开始出现了由英雄和普通人共同参与其间的日常生活,这种生活是在一种具体性描写中得到展现的。具体性描写对小说话语的形成具有创造性贡献。在直观、具体、呈现式的描写中,话语不仅具有不确定性、多义性和对话性,而且含混、反讽、矛盾、背离、造成反向阅读的语义也开始形成。由此,小说所提供的普泛原则和抽象的道德判断,也在其自身的具体性描写面前仅具有相对的意义。从小说史看,在《水浒传》中形成的具体性描写对后世长篇小说的话语形式产生了深远影响。     

多元文化与日本文学

日本文学是内含多元性的文学,这可以从日本文化中的南北结构、自古以来所形成的椭圆文化圈、单一性复合文化等特征中得到体现;日本人在文学中所寄托的生命意识具有宇宙论性质;日本文学的主体是以共生思想为基础的日本自我。     

试论农村社区中留守女性生活方式的转变

在城市化的大潮中 ,农村出现的“3 86199部队”现象对城市化的发展进程产生着影响。女性生活方式的转变对实现这一类社区走向城市化有着积极的作用。但农村社区女性的现实生活方式比较落后 ,难以带动整个社区生活方式的转变。对女性生活方式现状及其生活方式落后的原因进行分析 ,有助于依托女性组织 ,借助社区主要劳动力缺失的机会而使女性获得发展机遇 ,实现女性生活方式的现代化。     

BritCrits: Subversion and submission,past, present and future

This article explores some of the intellectual influences which have shaped the development of Critical Legal Studies in Britain and the contexts in which these influences made themselves felt. It then considers which influences might or should steer Critical Legal Studies in the future. In terms of the past, specific attention is given to the influence of Marxism, Freud and Lacan, feminism, Foucault and Derrida, and recent genres of history-writing. As to the future, the question is asked whether Critical Legal Studies will engage constructively with recent developments in the life sciences and the philosophy of science, and, more generally, whether it will be able to surpass its established mooring in the philosophy of history. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

From Sancitity to Screening: Genetic Disabilities, Risk and Rhetorical Strategies in Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Conception Cases

This analysis scrutinises the rhetorical strategies used by judges in wrongful life and wrongful birth actions as evidence for the assertion that the judicial reading of public policy in such cases has undergone a significant shift which is likely to accelerate as genetic knowledge grows and health care resources shrink. The implications of the predicted move towards increased genetic testing of prospective parents are traversed in relation to feminist analyses of the impact of genetics on reproductive technology. These are viewed as forming a nexus with the current social constructions of disability and the contemporary cultural preoccupation with risk, in a context of the increasing commercial importance of genetic information. It is argued that women cannot make free and informed choices about genetic testing and pregnancy unless legal and social mechanisms which protect those choices are in place. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Human Rights and Unfair Dismissal: Private Acts in Public Spaces

This article addresses the termination of employment because of the conduct of the employee in her leisure time, in the light of the right to private life. It explores the impact on the retention of employment of activities taking place outside the workplace and outside working hours, and argues that the approach of UK courts and tribunals, which is based on a primarily spatial conceptualisation of privacy, is flawed. A fresh approach to privacy, resting on the idea of domination, is proposed, which is sensitive to the particularities of the employment relationship. Considering the fairness enquiry in dismissal, it argues that off‐duty conduct may lead to lawful termination of employment only if there is a clear and present impact or a high likelihood of such impact on business interests; a speculative and marginal danger does not suffice. It further proposes that a particularly meticulous test is appropriate when certain suspect categories, such as the employees' sexual preferences, are at stake.     

对夫妻同居义务的立法探讨

针对是否有必要在法律上规定夫妻同居义务 ,作者通过对婚姻的自然与社会属性以及生活上的考察 ,认为 ,如果明确规定 ,有可能带来①夫妻一方不愿意时法律无能强制 ;②婚内强奸但求救无门和无法 ,③协议分居期间一方的性侵犯如何认定等困难处境。要维护婚姻关系 ,关健是在立法上规定“夫妻共同婚姻生活”和“夫妻双方共负贞操义务