Towards a common framework for assessing the activity and associations of groups who sexually abuse children

Abstract

Extensive social psychological research emphasises the importance of groups in shaping individuals' thoughts and actions. Within the child sexual abuse (CSA) literature criminal organisation has been largely overlooked, with some key exceptions. This research was a novel collaboration between academia and the UK's Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP). Starting from the premise that the group is, in itself, a form of social situation affecting abuse, it offers the first systematic situational analysis of CSA groups. In-depth behavioural data from a small sample of convicted CSA group-offenders (n =3) were analysed qualitatively to identify factors and processes underpinning CSA groups' activities and associations: group formation, evolution, identity and resources. The results emphasise CSA groups' variability, fluidity and dynamism. The foundations of a general framework are proposed for researching and assessing CSA groups and designing effective interventions. It is hoped that this work will stimulate discussion and development in this long-neglected area of CSA, helping to build a coherent knowledge-base.     

China in the context of globalization

Although this paper challenges the standard viewpoint that foreign direct investment actually occurred in colonial times it also finds parallels with today’s international finance. Evidence shows that the reverse flow of funds was infinitely much greater than possible foreign investment for at least one colony, the Netherlands East Indies (colonial Indonesia). We calculate for the late colonial period (1880–1939) out of its total colonial surplus at least US$430 billion in today’s terms (about three-quarters of the total) was available for investment. This was far in excess of actual investment. Less than one-third of the available for investment went to colonial Indonesia and a further one-third was invested in other countries. The remainder is attributed to investment in the Netherlands (mainly portfolio), investment by non-Dutch corporations and to some statistical errors and omissions. Furthermore, we indicate their actual vital function within the global economic and financial organisation of the Netherlands in late colonial times. The probability of similar occurrences today is raised.     

Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Peacekeepers: Understanding Variation

While the literature on peacekeeping has mostly focused on whether peacekeeping actually keeps the peace, few studies have systematically addressed the question of what explains variations in unintended consequences of peacekeeping, such as sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA). This study presents the Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Peacekeepers data, a new dataset covering the 36 international peacekeeping missions by the UN, NATO, ECOWAS, and the African Union, active in the years 1999–2010. Using this dataset, it also presents the first statistical study that explores the issue of what can account for variations in reported SEA across peacekeeping operations. The systematic analysis of this data indicates that SEA was more frequently reported in situations with lower levels of battle-related deaths, in larger operations, in more recent operations, the less developed the country hosting the mission, and in operations where the conflict involved high levels of sexual violence. Our discussion and conclusion highlights data restrictions and identifies key challenges for future research.     

提高开拓创新能力要有多角思维的大智慧

提高领导干部开拓创新能力,要有多角思维的大智慧,要善于转换思维角度,灵活运用各种思维方法,打开思维空间。充分运用理论思维、战略思维、开放思维是提升开拓创新能力的重要途径。     

中国参与大湄公河次区域合作的进展、障碍与出路

大湄公河次区域合作对中国和东南亚5国的经济发展都有着重要的经济意义和社会意义。在过去的若干年里,这一合作已经取得了巨大成果,但是也出现了许多问题和矛盾,以至于这些问题和矛盾严重阻碍了进一步的合作与发展。为了解决这些障碍,文章提出了一些新的思考,希望突破目前的困境。     

少数民族非物质文化遗产旅游可持续发展的思考——以云南、贵州、海南为例

通过云南、贵州、海南的实践经历,认为新时期少数民族非物质文化遗产旅游开发成效显著,开发模式不断增加,旅游精品不断涌现,旅游开发管理与促销成绩突出,但开发中也呈现出浅层次开发、歪曲性开发、重复性开发、过度性开发、片面性开发与隔离式开发等问题。为了实现非物质文化遗产旅游的可持续发展,政府、学者、企业与民族群众要密切协作,增强文化遗产的长远保护意识,借鉴国外成功经验,打造非物质文化遗产体验游,不断完善旅游开发的保障体系。     

科技成果转化与科技成果信息资源的开发利用

科技成果信息资源开发利用的基本途径有：（１）采用“出版物──数据库”一体化模式开发和利用科技成果信息资源;（２）面向企业信息主管与信息经纪人的开发利用模式;（３）促进官、产、学、研结合,完善技术创新机制;（４）建立风险投资与交叉融资机制,带动科技成果信息资源开发利用;（５）科技创新信息与产业化经营信息一体化,创造企业对创新活动的有效信息需求;（６）建立“科技成果转化咨询中心”。     

西方国家新闻媒体同外交决策的关系

西方国家的“媒体外交”,也就是利用新闻媒介来推进外交政策的方式近来已经成为外交学的新领域。在定义“媒体外交”的基础上,本文主要探讨媒体外交盛行的客观条件,并集中讨论西方国家新闻媒介对政府外交决策的作用以及政府在某种程度上得以控制媒介报道的基础和手段。     

西部大开发中职务犯罪问题研究

本文通过对西部开发过程中职务犯罪产生有关问题的分析 ,预测可能出现的职务犯罪类型 ,其中包括投标招商过程中、行政审批过程中出现的职务犯罪 ,贪污、挪用款项、职务侵占等职务犯罪 ,移民过程中出现的职务犯罪 ,“保护伞”类的职务犯罪等。     

攀西战略资源综合开发与西部发展

该文通过对攀西地区的概念内涵、战略资源意义、开发利用现状及问题的分析,在国家制定＂十二五＂规划和西部大开发战略实施十周年之际,提出了推进攀西地区战略资源综合开发上升为国家战略等一系列政策性建议,从而为新形势下开创攀西地区资源综合开发利用新格局提供思路。