The sexual harassment and exploitation in employment as a manifestation of discrimination in a workplace

＂Sexual harassment＂ is a key-word used for determining the most different behaviours. In the past Polish legal system there were no terms of harassment, sexual harassment or mobbing, but nowadays those terms have legal definitions in Polish law. The sexual harassment at the work according to the Polish Labour Code is defined as not-accepted behaviour about sexual character or referring to the sex of an employee, of which infringing an employee＇s dignity or humiliating her or him is a purpose or an effect of it. The sexual harassment is a form of harassment. The sexual harassment can be classified not only as a violation of labour laws but also as a prohibited act within the meaning of criminal law or civil law delict. The Sexual harassment can be a single behavior or can also occur as a sequence of behavior. This must be the unacceptable behaviour by a particular victim （not by reference to a standard employee, and generally prevailing standards）. The lack of consent must be expressed in some way on the outside by verbal opposition or demonstrated that opposition in other ways, such as pushing back the perpetrator. Behavior of the offender must be deliberate and intentional and the effect as that does not necessarily has to occur because it is enough to just act intentional. The sexual harassment can include physical, verbal or non-verbal elements. A sequence of behaviour （several activities） which accomplish characteristics of sexual harassment and in addition realize the condition of permanence and durability can also fulfill the characteristics of mobbing.     

“Curiosity and a Pimp”: Exploring Sex Trafficking Victimization in Experiences of Entering Sex Trade Industry Work Among Participants in a Prostitution Diversion Program

This mixed-methods study explored entry into the sex trade industry and experiences of sex trafficking victimization among 478 adult women enrolled in a prostitution diversion program in a large southwestern state. Written responses to several open-ended survey questions were coded using a template approach to content analysis wherein a priori codes were identified based on characteristics of sex trafficking victimization identified in the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (U.S. Department of State, 2000 U.S. Department of State. (2000). Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/j/tip/laws/61124.htm [Google Scholar]). Findings revealed that approximately one third of participants (n = 161) described sex trafficking experiences on entry into the sex trade industry, and quantitative analysis revealed that women who experienced sex trafficking as part of entering the sex trade industry were more likely to report abuse during childhood and adulthood, to report gang involvement, and to be involved in multiple types of sex trade industry work. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.     

统一战线参与贵州扶贫开发问题初探

在贵州经济社会发展中,扶贫开发始终处于优先地位。作为扶贫开发的一支重要社会力量,统一战线做出了卓越的贡献。就统一战线服务贵州贫困地区扶贫开发的方式和途径做初步探讨,为今后统一战线和贵州扶贫开发进一步有效结合提出建议。     

Hardened professional criminals,or just friends and relatives? The diversity of offenders in human trafficking

ABSTRACT

Human trafficking has been extensively discussed, studied and debated over the past 20 years, but many misleading images and stereotypes still exist regarding trafficking, its victims and its perpetrators. Trafficking is often framed as a problem of organised crime. The article problematises (1) the stereotypical images of perpetrators and (2) the involvement of organised crime in human trafficking, particularly in Finland, drawing on court cases that deal with trafficking in human beings. The article analyses, on the one hand, the characteristics of detected traffickers by reflecting the findings against the image of the ideal offender and, on the other hand, the role and involvement of organised crime in human trafficking. The article concludes that most convicted traffickers are not so-called ideal offenders. The variety of traffickers involved in the cases studied does not correspond very well to the rather stereotypical and oversimplified image of traffickers and ideal offenders.     

略论农垦经济改革发展的思路

党的十六大以来,“三农”问题受到中央的高度重视,政府出台了相关政策,农村粮食增产,农垦系统实现了良好的经营发展业绩。但面对宏观经济走势与市场变化还会有新的挑战与矛盾,农垦系统要通过改革与制度创新求得新的发展。     

高校民族学/人类学网络信息资源的开发和利用

我国是一个多民族国家,有着丰富的民族学、人类学研究的资源,但高校中利用网络信息等先进手段在这一学科中开展研究和交流的并不多,与港、台地区和国外的大学相比,明显是落后的.要解决好高校中民族学、人类学网络信息资源的开发利用问题,首先要开"源",强调学者的参与性,同时注重信息的时效性、可靠性和稳定性,最终实现资源共享.     

近代美国西部开发对美国社会的影响

近代美国西部开发开始于 18世纪 70年代 ,持续到 19世纪 90年代 ,在 10 0多年的时间里 ,西部从荒原变成了美国的粮仓、畜牧基地、能源和矿业生产基地 ,西部开发的成功 ,对美国社会产生了重大的影响。在政治上 ,改变了美国政治实力的分布 ,加速了美国民主化的进程 ;在经济上 ,促进了工农业生产的发展 ,完成了美国经济的一体化 ;在文化上重铸了美利坚民族精神 ,改变了美国人的生活方式 ,对美国教育事业和大众传媒的发展具有积极的作用。     

云南海外客源市场的发展及开拓

旅游客源市场是旅游业发展的重要前提,旅游产品的无形性与不可运输性,决定了旅游宣传促销和市场开拓的重要性。云南开拓海外客源市场的主要对策措施是:突出云南旅游特色,塑造鲜明旅游形象;调整旅游客源结构,吸引高素质游客;充分利用各种媒介,创新旅游宣传促销方式;运用市场经济规律,建立旅游市场开拓机制;加快对外开放步伐,加强区域旅游合作;应用现代科学技术,加快培养旅游营销人才;努力提升开拓海外客源市场的能力和水平。     

旅游资源开发中的政府管制

旅游资源价值的多重性,带来旅游资源利益主体的多元性,维护各主体的利益就成了政府管制的主要目的之一。在旅游开发中推行政府管制,可以维护各方利益,尤其是当前被忽视的第一个利益主体。通过政府管制,设计合理有效的政策,避免开发企业"重开发、轻保护"。     

云南旅游支柱产业再发展与人才资源开发

云南旅游业已进入了作为“支柱产业”进行培育的升级阶段。人才资源开发是云南旅游支柱产业再发展的基础工程,必须进一步采取措施加速人才资源开发。