国内外科技企业孵化器绩效评价理论研究综述

综观科技企业孵化器(TBI)绩效评价研究的国内外现状,国外学者主要从组织、机制、基于案例分析、评价框架与模型的构建、目标的确立与实现以及功能等不同角度研究了与TBI绩效相关的问题。国内学者则主要基于政府、比较、市场运作、优劣势、功能实现、评价指标与模型等方面对TBI绩效进行了相关研究。但相关的研究目前多为着眼于实践领域、从经验层面上的总结评估性分析,还存在着理论基础薄弱、作用机理分析缺乏、指标体系缺乏系统性、评价方法缺少动态性等一系列的问题。     

Expatriates as voters? The new dynamics of external voting in Sub-Saharan Africa

Expatriate voting has gained in importance over the last decade in Sub-Saharan Africa. This article gives an empirical overview of existing regulations in all independent states of the continent and examines some explanatory approaches in the African context. One approach claims that expatriate enfranchisement is a functional response to the increasing importance of migrants and their remittances. A second explanation refers to the role of domestic political structures and regime types. A third cluster of explanatory factors links external voting to the interests of political parties. Both in the broader comparative analysis and by looking more specifically at the cases of Ghana, South Africa, Cape Verde and Nigeria, all three approaches specifically contribute to understanding variation of external voting rights in Sub-Saharan Africa.     

银黄消痘面膜联合一清胶囊治疗脾胃湿热型痤疮临床观察

目的 观察银黄消痘面膜联合一清胶囊治疗脾胃湿热型痤疮的疗效。方法 按就诊先后顺序,随机将79例Ⅱ~Ⅲ级脾胃湿热型痤疮患者分成2组。其中治疗组39例,采用银黄消痘面膜外敷联合一清胶囊内服;对照组40例,采用0.1%阿达帕林凝胶外涂联合盐酸多西环素胶囊口服。治疗4周评估疗效,并在疗程结束后8周回访复发情况。结果 两组治疗后皮损积分、中医证候积分均较治疗前显著下降（P<0.05）,治疗组皮损积分及中医证候积分降低程度明显大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗组临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组复发率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 银黄消痘面膜外敷联合一清胶囊治疗脾胃湿热型痤疮疗效较好,不良反应轻微,复发率低。     

试论权力的内在约束和外在监督

加强对权力的制约 ,是建设有中国特色社会主义的重要内容。实践中 ,既要加强对权力的内在约束 ,又要加强对权力的外在监督     

利用赤足外缘长推算身高

利用赤足足迹分析身高在案件侦破工作中具有较为重要的价值。赤足外缘长与足长存在着一元线性回归关系 ,据此可由赤足外缘长推算足长 ,进而推算留痕人的身高。     

特许经营中的两个法律问题

特许经营主要涉及两个方面的法律问题,即纵向方面的反垄断规制和横向方面的对外责任的分担。前者表现在特许经营协议中的有关限制性条款,其必须经得起“合理性原则”的审查,否则,属于非法行为。后者表现在被特许人在经营中引起的对外责任,特许人是否需要承担的问题。     

Serial payers,serial losers? The political economy of Argentina’s public debt

A global neoliberal architecture has enabled many countries to increase their public debts to meet their fiscal needs. But since 2008 a number of European and North American economies have faced financial crises induced by unsustainable debts. This paper analyses the case of post-default Argentina since 2001, so as to better comprehend the political economy of public debt, especially in cases where governments are elected on anti-austerity platforms. Presidents Néstor and Cristina Kirchner were committed to a debt-reduction policy, yet Argentina faced a new, ‘selective’, default in 2014. This paper analyses how the country has been trapped in a cycle of debt dependency, which can only be interrupted by a comprehensive audit of the debt’s legitimacy followed by debt cancellation. Critical lessons are provided for other countries facing similar situations.     

Dworkin on external skepticism and moral permissions

This article discusses Ronald Dworkin’s first objection against what he calls external moral skepticism, the view that denies truth-value to moral judgments. According to that objection, an external skeptic denies that substantive moral judgments can be true. But, at the same time, the objection goes, what follows from the skeptical view is that all actions are morally permissible, which is in itself a substantive moral judgment. We call this ‘the self-defeating argument.’ We argue that the objection’s success depends on how we interpret the idea of moral permission, an issue Dworkin does not clearly resolve. Against his objection, we advance two different arguments. First, once we learn what role the idea of moral permission plays in morality, we can see that any plausible view of some agent’s moral permission must acknowledge its complex character, and that the existence of a moral permission must have some impact on the balance of moral reasons for other agents. On this understanding, it is false that it follows solely from external skepticism that everything is permissible. Second, we argue that even if permissions have a simple character, not a complex one, they are plausible only when framed within a moral constellation of rights and obligations. So understood, it is, again, false that it follows from external skepticism that everything is permissible.     

Internal or External Production and Satisfaction with the Chosen Sourcing in Danish Municipalities: Different Theoretical Explanations

Abstract

There is a large literature on both why local governments and public organisations choose internal or external production of services and what explains the performance of internal and external production. A range of different theories have been used to answer these questions. However, these studies show mixed results. In this study we investigate four theories: transaction cost economics, neoclassical economics, the resource-based view of strategy and institutional theory. Can these theories explain whether local governments choose internal or external production and can they explain the satisfaction with the internal and external production? Do the same variables explain the choice and the satisfaction? Based on a survey of four different service areas in Danish municipalities, it is shown that different theoretical variables explain the choice and satisfaction with the sourcing mode. Internal expertise is strongly related to the choice of internal or external production, whereas most transaction cost variables are unrelated to this choice. However, other variables such as supplier expertise and technological uncertainty are related to satisfaction with service production. The results corroborate the view that different variables are needed for explaining the performance of suppliers and the choice between internal and external suppliers. Furthermore, the results suggest that the study of local governments' sourcing may benefit from integrating theories focusing on internal expertise and markets. Studies may also benefit from integrating economic theories, which assume rationality, with institutional theory emphasising more unreflective and socially determined behaviour.     

Regional institutions: State withering or consolidation. the case of the Arab summits

The European Commission has spelled out its policy ambition for EU energy cooperation with the southern neighbourhood with plans for the establishment of an ‘Energy Community’. Its communications make clear that an Energy Community should be based on regulatory convergence with the EU acquis communautaire, much in the same vein as the existing institution carrying the same name; the Energy Community with Southeast Europe. It is puzzling that the Commission insists on repackaging this enlargement concept in a region with very different types of relationships vis-à-vis the EU, especially when considering the lukewarm position of key stakeholders in the field. According to them, any attempt to introduce a political integration model in this highly sensitive issue area in the politically fragmented MENA region might run the risk of hurting the incremental technical integration process that has slowly emerged over the past few years.