The primacy of political security: contentious politics and insecurity in the Tunisian revolution

The removal of Ben Ali's regime in Tunisia signalled the start of the Arab Spring. The abrupt nature of the regime change raises questions about why it happened in the way it did. This article examines the contextual factors that precipitated the regime change through the lens of political security. The aim is to examine how political insecurity in society led to the emergence of opposition sufficiently organized to unseat Ben Ali. The paper develops a framework to consider how the loss of legitimacy by the regime opened the space for opposition. Attempts to restrict opposition failed to address underlying claims, leaving the way open for the opposition to unite following the self-immolation of Mohammed Bouazizi.     

导入ISO9001:2000背景下地方政府绩效考核指标体系述评

地方政府在导入ISO质量管理体系的背景下,其绩效如何考核?国际标准化组织设计了一套完整的指标体系,包括"好政府的制度发展、经济的可持续发展、全面的社会发展和环境的可持续发展"等四个维度。本文对这套指标进行了介绍,并结合中国的具体情况进行了分析,目的在于为地方政府导入ISO质量管理体系进行理论上的指导。文章认为,导入这套指标体系符合我国建设和谐社会和落实科学发展观的要求,有利于促进政府职能转变,有利于解决当前我国的社会问题。因此,它在我国具有相当强的可适用性。     

Actively Cultivating Policy Similarity. A Regional Strategy in Education Policy in France and Germany

Regionalization processes across Western Europe have triggered analyses of regional policy divergence. Yet, in a number of cases, regional governments appear to have deliberately strived to achieve policy conformity. Previous research tends to emphasize exogenous explanations of regional policy convergence. In contrast, this paper addresses the issue of regional policy convergence by focusing on endogenous explanatory factors. Its objective is to carry out an investigation of when, how, and with what effect a ‘desire for conformity’ arises, and contends that regional governments may actively cultivate policy similarity as a strategy to develop or secure their policy capacity. Specifically, the paper argues that the adoption of this strategy is contingent upon two requirements that may or may not be met, and that its outcome is the convergence on targeted dimensions of regional policies. The two requirements are: (i) a countrywide public preference for policy uniformity in the policy area of concern, and (ii) the presence of a threat posed to regional policy capacity by various political entrepreneurs, including the central state, who blame regions for providing divergent policies on particular dimensions. This paper is based on the comparison of two case studies where regional governments deliberately pursued policy conformity on targeted dimensions of their education policy: school-building policy in France and curricula policy in Germany. The two case studies also present dissimilar features that make it possible to investigate the effects of institutional setting and policy distribution on the adoption and operation of the active-cultivation-of-policy-similarity strategy.     

Geographic and technological R&;D spillovers within the triad: micro evidence from US patents

This paper aims at assessing the magnitude of R&D spillover effects on large international R&D companies’ productivity growth. In particular, we investigate the extent to which R&D spillover effects are intensified by both geographic and technological proximities between spillover generating and receiving firms. We also control for the firm’s ability to identify, assimilate and absorb the external knowledge stock. The results estimated by means of panel data econometric methods (system GMM) indicate a positive and significant impact of both types of R&D spillovers and of absorptive capacity on productivity performance.

成年人民事行为能力——从行为主义到意思主义

我国的成年人民事行为能力采用传统大陆法系的禁治产和准禁治产制度,主要分为完全民事行为能力,限制民事行为能力和无民事行为能力三类,并对非完全民事行为能力人设置了宣告制度,随着时代的进步和发展,自我决定和正常化理念的深入人心,发达国家都改变了自己的成年人行为能力理论,逐渐回归意思主义。文章主要以英国的意思能力法为参考对象,对比我国的制度不足,从法律理论和实践的角度论述我国成年人民事行为理论的改革。     

论检验报告的证据能力

检验报告是解决刑事案件专门性问题的科学证据。其与鉴定意见、专门性问题报告或专业人员推断结论等有着显著的区别。作为科学证据,检验报告具有证据能力的条件是具有刑事证据的形式要件和实质要件,且以检验报告的证据相关性为核心,判断检验报告的证明价值。检验报告应用于刑事诉讼中特别类型的专门性问题,检验报告的制作主体应具有科学共同体的专业资格,检验程序符合科学即特定的规范操作流程。检验报告具有明确的适用范围和证明对象,检验报告的技术标准应以国家或国际官方颁布的标准为准。指导性案例重申了检验报告作为刑事证据种类的实践价值。在大数据时代,检验报告应成为刑事证明理论和刑事司法实践可供选择的科学的证明方法。     

监护人责任规范问题研究——由民法典侵权责任编(草案三次审议稿)切入

民法典侵权责任编(草案三次审议稿)第九百六十四条规定的监护人责任存在归责原则不明、被监护人是否承担责任不明确、缺乏侵权之因果关系、忽视监护人职责履行之条件等问题。其原因在于监护人责任承担的理论基础不明、过度保护受害人、未兼顾对被监护人的保护和教育等。监护人责任的应然内涵应是:无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为人不法侵害他人造成损害的,由与其共同生活的监护人承担侵权责任。限制民事行为能力人在辨识能力范围内与监护人承担连带责任。监护人能够证明自己尽了监护义务或者即使尽了监护义务仍无法阻止损害发生的,不承担责任。     

构建现代环境治理体系中地方政府的创造性执行

坚持和完善生态文明制度体系,构建现代环境治理体系,需要地方政府的创造性执行,把生态文明的制度优势转化为生态环境保护和环境治理效能,切实改善环境质量,不断满足人民日益增长的优美生态环境需要,建设美丽中国。推动地方政府的创造性执行,要建立必要的制度保障,核心就是地方政府推动发展的强力激励与地方政府生态环境主导责任落实的制度能够相容,还需要构建合宜的运行机理,即执行要落地、规划要协同、执法要服务。     

政府能力与行政权力关系解析

随着权力在政治生活中的作用渐趋强化 ,公共行政研究的主题从行政权力转换到政府能力。在分别界定政府能力和行政权力的基础上 ,进而提出依法行使公共权力、不断提升政府能力的主张     

“三个代表“对女性教育的期待

关注弱势群体的女性教育,使女性成为先进文化的载体;全面提高女性教育质量,使女性成为先进生产力和先进文化的推动者;加强女性创新能力的培养,使女性成为先进生产力和先进文化的推动者;加强女性爱国主义教育使女性成为最广大人民利益的代表者.