论违约解除后的责任承担

违约解除后的“恢复原状”意指受领方对原物的返还,属于物权请求权的内容;“采取补救措施”是指在给付物已毁损、灭失或者给付的金钱的情况下受领方对给付物价额的返还,属于不当得利;违约解除后“赔偿损失”的目的并非使合同恢复至合同订立前的状态,而在于填补守约方因相对方的违约行为而受到的损失,因而合同解除与违约责任理应并存。违约解除之后,担保人应该继续就债务人的价额返还义务与赔偿损失义务承担担保责任,价额返还与赔偿损失请求权的诉讼时效应自合同被解除时开始起算。《最高人民法院公报》裁判摘要虽有事实上的拘束力,但其受制于学说的评析与检验。     

Poderes fácticos,problemas drásticos

The article reconstructs systematically a definition analytically dense of the factual powers. By focusing on the implications factual powers in Latin America, the article inquiries into the resistance of these powers to the State of law, evidencing their propensity to promote their own private interests and impose them on society at large. On its turn, the author elaborates a diagnosis of the cultural expansion of factual powers in Mexican society, demonstrating that their influence expresses and reinforces political deficiencies, legal voids and cultural paucity, identifying the ideological preponderance of private television.     

Poderes fácticos,comunicación y gobernabilidad: un acercamiento conceptual

The category of factual powers has become a fashionable term. Beyond observable differences in the journalistic, academic or political interests of the scholarly approaches to the topic, the author considers that it is possible to affirm that this question is inextricably related to the issue of democracy, and specifically its viability and governability. This article is framed within this analytic and contextual perspective -factual powers, democracy and governability. Given that the category has not a univocal meaning, after drawing basic differences among the various interest groups, pressure groups and factual powers, it characterizes those emerging social actors capable to dispute the power of formal institutions and analyzes the particular composition of the mass media.     

论诉讼判决的既判力

诉讼判决是否有既判力的问题,就我国而言,讨论尚不充分。既判力的本质是前诉法院作出的确定判决在诉讼法上直接拘束后诉法院不能作出与前诉判决相矛盾的判断,既判力的根据归根到底是法院审判权和当事人诉权的相互勾连。本文在此基础上,试从肯定诉讼判决在满足一定的条件下具有既判力的立场来分析我国不同诉讼判决的既判力,以满足诉讼制度和司法实践的需求。     

专利侵权判定中等同原则的适用

等同原则在专利侵权判定中的运用是为了确保专利权人与公众能够公平地获得各自应有的权益,是法律公平正义价值目标的体现。现实中,等同原则的适用还存在如相关法律规定缺失、适用标准多样化、缺乏适用限制等许多缺陷。为此,应完善等同原则的立法制度,统一基本规范和标准;加强等同原则的司法体系建设,把握等同判定尺度;准确掌握等同原则的适用限制,合理运用禁止反悔原则。     

司法裁决证立过程中的法律修辞——以“李庄案”判决书为素材

法律人孜孜以求的法治究竟如何实现？关注司法实践,从微观和方法层面对其进行反思、批判和改进,可能是迈向这一理想境界的重要途径。判决书为宣示法官依法解决纠纷的过程及其结果的公告,它所表达的内容只能是基于法治立场的合法性论证。该论证至少应当在形式上摒弃政治、经济、舆论、私人情感等法外因素的不当干扰,从法律规则和事实出发论证判决的正当性。为此,笔者以＂李庄案＂判决书为素材,基于某种法律方法论立场分析了司法裁决证立过程中的修辞现象,并对此进行了一些评价和反思,希望能够促使人们正确认识并认真对待这一判决正当化的有力工具,从而为趋近理想法治提供现实的方法支撑。     

Forecasting proportional representation elections from non-representative expectation surveys

This study tests non-representative expectation surveys as a method for forecasting elections. For dichotomous forecasts of the 2013 German election (e.g., who will be chancellor, which parties will enter parliament), two non-representative citizen samples performed equally well than a benchmark group of experts. For vote-share forecasts, the sample of more knowledgeable and interested citizens performed similar to experts and quantitative models, and outperformed the less informed citizens. Furthermore, both citizen samples outperformed prediction markets but provided less accurate forecasts than representative polls. The results suggest that non-representative surveys can provide a useful low-cost forecasting method, in particular for small-scale elections, where it may not be feasible or cost-effective to use established methods such as representative polls or prediction markets.     

当面说理、强化修辞与重点推进——关于提高我国判决书制作水平的思考

我国当前的判决书存在的问题主要是：说理场合不当,当面不说,背后乱说;修辞力度不够,有法无情,自言自语;案件难易不分,千篇一律,大同小异。这些问题都属于判决书的说理问题,解决这些问题必须考察影响判决书说理的各种因素。除判例制度、政治制度和文化传统等影响判决书说理的一般因素外,我国行政化的审判管理体制、僵化的诉讼文书样式、判决书狭隘的法律意义和对判决书表达错误的容忍等一些细微的体制机制是导致当前的判决书出现问题的直接原因。提高我国判决书制作水平的基本措施是：废除和改进约束法官的制度,保障法官审判的能动性;建立判例制度,鼓励法官有重点地当面说理和加强修辞;突出最高人民法院和高级人民法院在判决书制作中的重点示范作用。     

明清时期田宅相邻关系研究

在明清时期,虽然国家法律没有规定田宅相邻关系如何调整,但是,地方官充分发挥主观能动性,依据情理对此类纠纷作出判决。这些判决所体现的处理纠纷的原则、理念竟然与当代物权法不谋而合,可见情理与法律制定的理念是相通的。     

案外第三人权益程序保障体系研究

我国民事诉讼法为案外第三人维护自身合法权益设置了执行异议、执行异议之诉、撤销之诉和申请再审四种救济途径。由于四种途径在适用范围上存在模糊和矛盾,因此引发了权益保护方式或路径的选择困境。为了避免选择困境,实现救济资源的有效利用,应当对上述方法予以优化配置。执行异议应定位为程序性审查,终局性中止或撤销相关执行行为有赖于执行异议之诉和第三人撤销之诉。基于再审制度的兜底性质,撤销之诉应当被优先适用。如果案外第三人在执行过程中可以通过相关程序主张权利,原则上在执行结束后排除撤销之诉和审判监督程序适用。从立法论视角出发,撤销之诉在我国的确立是针对虚假诉讼的应激举措,只有在民事诉讼立法和实践中确立既判力制度,才能根本保障案外第三人合法权益。