论刑事责任能力的性质

刑事责任能力是一个刑法意义上的概念,是法律拟制的抽象类型。刑事责任能力的有无及其程度的判断,主要是一种抽象的法律判断,而不涉及主体之外的其他因素。可以说,刑事责任能力其实就是一种行为能力。     

评述康德的先天综合判断

康德把判断分为三类：先天分析判断、后天综合判断及先天综合判断,由分析判断与综合判断的区别引入康德所讲的第三种判断——先天综合判断的存在,解释先天综合判断的含义及其内容。康德认为数学判断、自然科学中的基本假设和形而上学命题都属于先天综合判断,既是先天判断,同时又是综合判断。     

医学鉴定与法的评价——以日本的判例为视点

探索性医疗技术准入制度要遵循保护患者的权利;控制医疗保健费用的过快上涨,保障全民卫生保健计划的落实;协调患者权利的保护、社会伦理和促进医疗技术的更新与发展的平衡,维护公认的伦理价值准则,维护社会生态安全等基本原则。评估制度、试验质量管理制度、风险管理制度、分级分类制度等是探索性医疗技术准入的最基本制度。     

司法审判的法哲学分析

司法判决是制度、事实、个人活动的合因之果,判决形成的思维工具包括法律解释和法律推理;判决以确定性为特征,而法官形成判决过程中的判断却具有综合性。     

Substantive rules of argumentation for value judgment in civil law: In the context of academic practice of civil law in China

Value judgment is at the core of civil law. This paper explores how scholars of civil law reach mutual understanding and consensus on specific value judgment by rational discussion in the context of multiple value orientation. Based on a brief evaluation of the theory of legal argument and with the basic value consensus of Chinese civil law scholars as the premise, this paper proposes two substantive rules of argumentation for scholars of civil law to discuss value judgment: First, a strong of equal treatment should be carried out in the absence of sufficient and justified reasons or otherwise; Second, the freedom of civil subject should not be restrained in the absence of sufficient and justified reasons or otherwise. To reach mutual understanding, and on the basis of that to reach new consensus on specific value judgment further, scholars of civil law should base their discussions on substantive rules of argumentation for value judgment, follow rules and forms of argumentation as procedural techniques, and apply proper methods of argumentation. This paper also explores the application of substantive rules of argumentation on two specific value judgment issues of civil law scholars.     

Emotional Intuitions and Moral Play

Brosnan's research on chimpanzees and capuchin monkeys provides invaluable clues to unlocking the complex nature of human morality. Elaborating upon her claims, we explore the role of emotions in basic social interactions, social regulation processes, and morality, all of which may be crucial to both human and nonhuman communities. We then turn to a conceptualization of teasing and play as forums for negotiating norms and the boundaries of acceptable behavior, and focus on the role of emotions in assessing the moral character of others. Finally, we consider points of convergence and departure between human responses to relative deprivation and those observed by Brosnan in primates. We conclude that work such as Brosnan's paves the way for fruitful collaborations between scholars of morality from diverse fields.     

略论刑事诉讼中的缺席判决制度

刑事诉讼中的缺席判决制度在提高诉讼效率、保障社会正义等方面发挥着极大的作用.我国应当借鉴国外先进的立法经验,结合我国的具体国情,建立缺席判决制度.     

从"无理"的判决到判决书"说理"--判决书说理制度的正当性分析

由于受到大陆法系传统的影响 ,我国判决说理并没有被制度化 ,甚至长时间囿于是否需要制度化的讨论中。笔者通过分析认为 ,在中国现有的司法语境中 ,判决说理具有急需正当化、制度化的内在需求。一是 ,判决说理是法官权力公开化的必然 ,同时也是一种法官自保的策略性选择 ;二是 ,判决说理是司法职能现代化的内在需求 ,力求通过判决说理达到当事人从内心“服判”的司法追求。笔者通过比较分析进一步指出了说理主体、说理对象等判决说理的前提性问题     

自由心证与法官依法独立判断

自由心证与主观主义、唯心主义没有必然联系,自由心证更不等于自由擅断。现代自由心证已经克服了传统自由心证擅断的弊端,既强调法官的自由判断,也强调法官应遵守法律的规定以及判决结果和理由的公开性,是法官在遵守法律规定的前提下,依据良知和理性行使自由裁量权,从而形成法官内心确信的过程。具有中国特色的法官依法独立审查判断证据的原则,吸收了现代自由心证的合理因素,体现了主客观的统一,符合现代民事诉讼的发展方向。     

侵权责任中违法性的判断

违法性是侵权责任中的一个重要构成要件。在违法性的判断方面,传统上形成了结果违法理论与行为违法理论。本文在对这些理论进行深入分析的基础上提出我国在违法性的判断上,不应偏重于这两种传统理论,而应当对其背后的行为义务进行分析把握,根据侵权行为的三种不同形态来判断行为是否具有违法性。