收入分配的税收调控模式转变:从经济效率型到公平正义型

我国持续扩大的个人收入差距,是体制性和制度性发展模式导致的。从我国历次税制改革的情况看,税制的修改多注重其财政收入功能,税收调控收入分配的职能定位与税制模式的构建还没有实现有机的匹配。从经济效率型税收调控模式逐渐过渡到公平正义型税收调控模式,对于运用税收政策促进收入公平分配,实现分配正义,具有重要意义。     

浅析实现行政公正的教育功能

行政执法不公正问题产生的原因是由于行政执法工作的自由裁量权和行政执法机关及其工作人员的素质差异双重因素作用的结果。行政人员的行政观念、知识水平与能力等都是影响行政公正的主要因素,都是造成行政不公正的直接原因。因此,实现行政公正,提高执法人员的素质无疑成为关键因素。     

新时期调整中央与地方关系的理性探索

新时期调整中央与地方关系,应科学界定明晰中央与地方的职责权限划分,建立健全财权与事权相匹配的财税体制。完善中央对地方权力运行的监督制约机制,还需建立协调、规范、互利的中央与地方新型利益关系,实现双方利益均衡。     

Fair treatment,fair play? The relationship between fair treatment perceptions,political trust and compliant and cooperative attitudes cross-nationally

Obtaining citizens’ voluntary compliance with political decisions is a fundamental democratic challenge. Fair treatment by public officials plays a key role in theoretical and empirical studies on citizens’ compliance and cooperation. Yet it is unclear whether citizens within different societies react to (un)fair treatment in the same way. Using multilevel structural equation modelling and multilevel regression analysis on the European Social Survey 2010–2 (N = 52,458), this article shows that perceptions of fair treatment by police officers are associated with higher levels of trust in political institutions and in turn stronger compliant and cooperative attitudes of citizens in 27 countries. Yet the link between perceptions of unfair treatment and institutional trust is stronger in countries in which fair behaviour is more prevalent. While fair treatment is often considered to be a universal norm affecting citizens in a uniform way, this article sheds light on important cross-national variations.     

提高公安执法公信力 树立和维护法律权威

文章以社会主义法治理念为视角,阐释了提高公安执法公信力,树立和维护法律权威,是社会主义法治理念的体现和依法治国方略的保证,同坚持公平正义、执法为民、人权保障等紧密联系。而执法不公正、人权保障观念淡薄、特权思想严重、非警务活动过多、民警执法素质偏低等,则是当前减损公安执法公信力的主要原因;据此提出并论述了完善此命题的对策措施,诸如提高公安民警执法素质、追求公平正义价值、践行执法为民理念、规范执法程序公正和支持民警依法反暴制暴的执法行为等。     

浅析诉讼程序的正义标准

本文以区别于其他学者的角度从诉讼程序的公平性、当事人的充分参与性和对尊严的充分尊重性三方面对诉讼程序的正义标准进行粗浅分析 ,从而提出公平、参与、尊严是诉讼程序获得正义的三个基本标准     

Procedural justice at German courts as seen by defendants and juvenile prisoners

The article summarizes German research on procedural and distributive justice at criminal courts. The first German field studies addressing these topics are presented. Procedural justice characteristics like neutrality, courtesy, equal consideration of evidence, voice, and fairness of procedural rules are relevant for Germans. A study on juvenile prisoners shows no support for equity theory and some for the Group Value model. Lay assessors receive positive evaluations by juvenile prisoners.     

刑法公平精确性下的生产销售伪劣产品罪

生产、销售伪劣产品罪是我国刑法分则中的一项罪名.立法本应当严格秉持刑法的基本精神--公平,然而我国现行的刑法对于该罪设置欠缺精确性的考究,对于生产者和销售者没有进行责任区分,对生产者和销售者对于伪劣产品的流通数量应担责任大小也没有进行严格区分,同时没有考虑其他危害因素,而仅仅以伪劣产品的销售额作为定罪处罚的依据,这造成了本罪的设置表面看似公平实则违背了罪责刑相适应的基本原则.     

论科学发展观指导下的和谐卫生建设——关于卫生结构调整之于公平可及性的思考

经济社会发展的终极目标是人的健康与幸福。本研究力求以科学发展观为指导，通过把握现实而具终极意义的卫生发展方向，探寻卫生结构失衡所致的去功能化历史成因；探索健康合目的性与卫生合规律性的和谐统一；探讨“上中压西”地调整卫生结构之资源有效利用的目标；探求实现符合中国国情的健康公平可及目的的有效途径。     

ADOLESCENTS' VIEWS ON THE FAIRNESS OF PARENTING AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS AFTER SEPARATION

Interviews were conducted with 60 young people aged 12–19 in Australia, concerning their views about parenting and financial arrangements after separation. Half the young people reported that they had no say at all in where they would live after separation. A quarter said they were never able to see their nonresident parent when they wanted to. There was a strong relationship between young people's perceptions of the fairness of the parenting arrangements and the extent to which they were allowed to participate in making those arrangements. Half said that they did not have enough time with their nonresident parent. Having a continuing and meaningful relationship with both parents and with siblings was very important to them. More than a third favored arrangements of spending equal time with each parent. The young people were also very concerned with issues about fairness between first and second families, both in terms of time availability and financial provisions.