媒介对三农作用指标体系的研究路径及功能

建立检测媒介对三农作用的指标体系,可以使媒介对三农作用的系列调查具有可比性与延续性,可以成为评价媒介作用、监测媒介发展状况的依据,并为政府有关部门提供决策依据.本文探讨了这一指标体系的研究路径,提出了应当以中国主流媒体的职责功能为出发点,以传播学为理论基础,以其功能说为维度.同时应当遵循定量与定性相统一、客观指标与主观指标相结合,指标应具有广泛的覆盖性并能加以量化等方面的原则.     

进城农民群体内在类别状况及比较研究

进城农民群体是中国工业化、城市化和市民化进程中出现的特殊群体,其规模大、结构复杂、衔接城乡,一直是社会各界关注的焦点,但目前对其内在结构的探索并不充分。在梳理已有研究的基础上,通过两步聚类方法探索进城农民群体的内在群体结构实质发现,进城农民群体内在"自动"分化为两个群体——"成长型"和"成熟型",相对于"成熟型"进城农民,"成长型"进城农民群体人力资本更高、社会资本较低、工作和收入较稳定、市民意识更强。两个群体在"人力资本"、"社会资本"、"工作形式与收入"、"身份定位与认识"四个方面总体上差异显著。     

规范流转机制确保农民权益--关于农村集体土地使用权流转问题的探索

土地是农业最基本的生产要素,又是农民赖以生存的主要生活资料.由于人口不断增加和城市建设的发展,加大了对非农建设用地的需求,人地矛盾日益突出.因此,必须严格规范农村土地使用权流转程序,确保农村土地使用权在流转中增值和维护农民权益.     

农民健康权理论下我国农村合作医疗法律制度构建——以农民利益保障为研究视角

我国农村合作医疗是一项关系到8亿农民切身健康利益的重要制度，但在目前的实施过程中，仍存在医疗保障不到位、农民医疗利益被侵犯等各种问题，致使农民的生命健康权得不到应有的保障。鉴于此，以农民利益保障为研究视角，提出了我国农村合作医疗法律制度构建中的责任制度、资金制度、监管制度和纠纷解决制度以使我国农村合作医疗切实保障农民健康权的落实和农民利益的实现。     

农村改革、社会稳定与农民利益的政治表达

在深化农村改革的新时期,必须进一步健全农民利益的政治表达机制,才能切实维护和保障农民的财产权益,切实维护社会稳定,促进社会和谐,农村改革才会真正变成巨大的进步动力。健全农民利益的政治表达机制的重点．是要通过法律和制度建设推进农村经济合作组织建立和发展、保障农民在村民自治中的主体地位和明确农民在权力机关的政治平等权。     

乡村振兴中少数民族主体地位的实现路径——基于社会创业的视角

社会因素与经济因素相互作用共同影响着少数民族农牧民的经济活动安排,重视经济理性而忽视经济行为背后的社会结构就会产生农牧民主体地位缺失问题。社会创业强调经济与社会的融合关系,尤其是重视社会在经济活动安排中的功能发挥,为民族地区乡村振兴提供了新视角。课题组对内蒙古通辽市3个苏木12个嘎查进行调查,发现了少数民族农牧民主体地位缺失的原因,并以扎鲁特旗玛拉沁艾力养牛合作社为例,阐释本土化社会创业是实现少数民族农牧民主体地位的根本路径。     

Do land reforms have adverse impacts on the livelihoods of poor land users? Evidence from the Nkoranza South Municipality,Ghana

Poverty reduction is the overarching goal of most development interventions in the developing world. From 2004, Ghana has been implementing a land reform policy/programme that seeks to improve tenure security and reduce poverty. The present study uses qualitative methods to analyse the extent to which land reforms are enabling or inhibiting poor land users in Ghana to exit poverty and improve their living standards. The study finds that Ghana’s land reform system redefines customary land governance resulting in a breakdown of the trusteeship ethos of the chieftaincy institution, increasing land sales, insecurity of land tenure for the poor and disappearing commons. These factors subsequently have adverse impacts on the ability of poor people to meet their livelihood needs. The study concludes that, for land reforms to work proactively for the poor, they must be pursued as part of broader, holistic and integrated development initiatives.     

Competitive Global Fruit Export Markets: Marketing Intermediaries and Impacts on Small-Scale Growers in Chile

Abstract — This paper explores the implications of increased competition in global fruit markets for the Chilean small-grower sector. Stagnation in the growth trajectory of such exports has precipitated significant changes in the structure and strategy of the private fruit export company sector. It is proposed that this restructuring discriminates against small growers, whose position within the market has become increasingly vulnerable. To support this idea, evidence obtained from a field study of small-scale grape growers operating in the locality of El Palqui, Region IV is presented. It is argued that increased vulnerability is not simply a function of the inefficiency of diminutive scale per se. Rather, the nature of economic power relations, which tilt heavily in the favour of export companies, form an important explanatory factor in the increasing rate of failure among the fruit growing parceleros. It is argued that the implications of the failure among small growers who have already 'reconverted' is of particular importance. It is proposed that steps re-dress structural imbalances in the market could precipitate productive gains, increase the potential success of small growers attempting to 'reconvert' to fruit production and improve rural equity. If applied to the small scale fruit sector as a whole such moves could help sustain Chile's fruit export sector — an objective which can be seen as crucial to Chile's economic well-being. In this way the argument of free-market purists — that rural economic differentiation which has taken place to date is inevitable and desirable — is challenged.     

日本增加农民收入的途径及启示

农业在国民经济中处于基础地位,增加农民收入是刺激农村消费需求、提高农村购买力、扩大内需的重要途径。日本在增加农民收入方面的成功经验主要包括政府的大力扶持、农业经营模式的完善、全方位的科技研发推广及积极推动城乡互动发展等。从日本经验的总结中我们可以得出一些有益的启示：建立完备的法律法规;完善农民合作经济组织体系;加大政府对农业的补贴及政策倾斜;灵活运用WTO的相关规定和原则;加强农业科技开发的推广和劳动者素质的提高;实现城乡互动发展。     

和谐社会视域下我国农民话语权回归的制度分析

农民拥有利益表达的"话语权"是新农村建设的保障与重要表征.但当前农民仍然没有与其他阶层一样享有平等的话语权,从某种意义上说正是农民话语权在制度内缺失的某种回应.文章以此为逻辑起点,探索农民话语权缺失的根源,并提出对策性思路,以促进和谐社会的构建.