The Ethic of Care, Female Subjectivity and Feminist Legal Scholarship

The object of this essay is to explore the central role played by the ‘ethic of care’ in debates within and beyond feminist legal theory. The author claims that the ethic of care has attracted feminist legal scholars in particular, as a means of resolving the theoretical, political and strategic difficulties to which the perceived ‘crisis of subjectivity’ in feminist theory has given rise. She argues that feminist legal scholars are peculiarly placed in relation to this crisis because of their reliance on the social ‘woman’ whose interests are the predominant concern of feminist legal engagement. With the problematisation of subjectivity, the object of feminist legal attention disappears and it is in attempts to deflect the negative political consequences of this that the ethic of care has been invoked, the author argues, unsuccessfully. The essay concludes with suggestions as to how the feminist project in law might proceed in the wake of the crisis of subjectivity and the failure of the ethic of care to resolve it. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

公共管理研究的性别视角——美国女性主义公共行政理论评述

基于美国公共行政理论和实践中女性缺席的现实,美国女性主义公共行政研究中出现了三种研究取向,分别是经验论、立场论和后现代主义。这是一场公共行政领域的性别启蒙运动、为公共行政学提供新的知识生产方式,也是公共行政学中的一种知识变革。与此同时,该理论在研究方法、理论逻辑和实践方面存在局限性,仍在不断发展和完善。美国女性主义公共行政理论对我国的女性参政理论和学界研究立足于中国的女性主义的公共行政问题提供了借鉴的视角。     

刑事司法中的母爱主义

我国的刑事法律经过多年发展，具有了一定的技术化特征，但往往是以武断、专横、惩罚和报复的面貌出现，抹杀了对具体的、感性的个体的关怀。技术化特征和法律形式主义是以男性为中心的法律的产物，表现为立法的父爱主义。而对具体的、感性的个体的关怀，是近年来日益凸显的刑事司法母爱主义的基本特征之一。刑事司法母爱主义关注社会问题、关注社会关系的修复、关注社会回归、关注青少年的成长和未来等富有感性的问题，从而使法律成为“有血有肉”的法律。导致其凸显的背景因素主要有：独生子女问题成为“公众论题”，女司法官人数的迅速增长，女权主义的兴起等。     

革命时代自我定义权的丧失与女性主义写作的溃败——以丁玲几篇小说为中心的分析

对女性自我定义权的强调与肯定是丁玲作为一个女性主义作家的标志.在莎菲身上,自我定义权表现为时肉体欲望的肯定,以及对爱的主动追求.从1929年到1931年,丁玲由于受到时代的规范,逐渐在其小说创作中消磨了这一标志性的内涵.从丽嘉到美琳再到玛丽,她小说中的女性越来越屈从于革命/男性的指引,重新沦为次性.这些人物形象自我定义权的丧失殆尽,显示了女性主义写作在那个革命时代必定溃败的命运.     

试析女性主义心理学的方法论

女性主义方法论的探讨与争论是女性主义心理学研究的焦点:女性主义心理学研究区别于非女性主义心理学研究最重要的特征在于其女性主义方法论;女性主义心理学批判心理学中量化研究与质化研究范式之争为虚假的两极之争,倡导多元方法论;女性主义认识论上的分歧导致其对于知识与性别的关系的不同主张,并最终导致了女性主义心理学在方法和方法论取向上的不同偏好。     

Unveiling The Headscarf Debate

In March 2004 the French parliament controversially adopted legislation regulating the wearing of symbols indicating religious affiliation in public educational establishments. This note discusses several features of the new law indicating its origins, its rationale and its position within French constitutional discourse on religious freedom and secularity. It is based on a panel discussion held in April 2004 within the Gender Studies Programme at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Florence. Placing the French legislative initiative in the context of recent developments in national and European case law (suggesting clear limitations to freedom of religion), the note explores the complexity of issues of gender, identity and difference in the present debate, especially when considered in the light of reactions to the law in Islamic countries.     

Women in the Czech Republic: Feminism, Czech Style

Many years after the Velvet Revolution, feminism remains close to a dirty word in the Czech Republic, even among women who share the views of Western feminists. Surprisingly, this may in part hark back to the negative views of bourgeois feminism propounded by the Communists. Equally surprising is the very high proportion of women who are employed, almost all of them full-time, although they continue to do the lion's share of homemaking. This strategy enables Czech women to have a high sense of personal efficacy and independence. This paper emphasizes the historical roots of women's position in Czech society, and the importance of the cultural and social context for the emergence of what we term Feminism, Czech Style.     

Face Off: The Ironic,The Irenic and the Face Between

The formation of a school, whether feminist, critical, Marxist or other involves the establishment of a doctrine – literally a teaching – and a group of students or followers – the disciples who form the discipline. No doctrine without disciples has been the history of the schools and the formative principle of academic movements. They exist in the end to convert their students, old to young, male to female, female to male, or female to female, or any other possible combination of orientations. And conversion implies orthodoxy, institutionalization and hierarchy or at least a relation to hieros and hierarchy. This paper examines these themes in terms of the specific example of feminist legal studies and a curious recent discursive event, a polemical exchange on the identity of the movement, the face of feminist legal studies, as viewed through a eulogy and a challenge to that praise. Thanks to Richard Collier, Margaret Davies, Margaret Halliwell, Elena Loizidou, Desmond Manderson, Ngaire Naffine for correspondence, for relevant discussions, and candid responses. Especial thanks to Thanos Zartaloudis for a peculiarly detailed and hospitable reading, offered at a time when it would have been much easier, both just and more appropriate for him to say very little, almost nothing. And emotive thanks as well to Linda Mills for her customary frankness and finely honed attention.     

从女权主义到后女权主义--西方女性主义/女权主义的理论转型

当代西方出现的所谓"后女权主义"并不意味着女权主义/女性主义的终结,而是女权主义/女性主义理论的转型.后现代女权主义/女性主义对传统理论的宏大叙事提出了质疑,精神分析法对女权主义/女性主义的研究,成为了传统女性主义理论从微观角度分析妇女解放问题的补充.20世纪90年代的酷儿(Queer)理论以及赛伯女性主义(Cyberfeminism)理论的提出,则是对传统的规范性形态的破译.     

卢梭与西方女性主义

18世纪法国启蒙思想家卢梭的“天赋人权”主张为西方女性主义提供了最初的思想资源和理论支点,而他的贤妻良母主义的女性观和女子教育观既遭到过自由主义女性主义的代表人物玛丽·沃斯通克拉夫特的批判,又获得过女性主义思想家爱伦·凯的支持,这一切都使卢梭与西方女性主义之间的关系变得波诡云谲。