Rethinking the Interface between Mental Illness,Criminal Justice and Academia

Punishment and treatment don’t occur within a vacuum. Responses in the justice system affect the mental health system, hospitals, clinics, and the welfare system. These systems are inextricably bound to each other. This paper, drawn from the 2009 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS) Presidential Address, discusses issues regarding the criminalization of mental illness, fiscal crises, and three deinstitutionalization movements. Particular attention is given to the role of academia in reshaping the criminal justice system during the current fiscal crisis.     

WTO贸易政策的透明度要求：法律原则与中国实践

透明度原则是WTO的基本原则之一,它不仅蕴含在多边贸易体制之中,也贯穿于成员的承诺之中,它强调贸易措施的及时公开与可以获得。WTO贸易政策审议机制和争端解决机制是透明度义务履行的两套保障体制。已有的WTO贸易政策审议报告对中国贸易政策透明度的改进给予了一如既往的肯定,但也指出仍有很大改善空间。争端解决实践表明,中国现行的某些贸易措施与WTO透明度原则要求仍有一定差距,潜在的纠纷依然存在。对透明度原则和相关案例进行具体分析,这将有助于更好地认识这一原则的内涵和中国自身完善的目标．这也是法治建设的应有之义．     

分权改革背景下的地方财政自主权

为实现政治统治的合法化,近现代国家在民主的基础上形成了以规范为中心的权力认知模式。建国与改革为主题的国家制度建设所呈现的渐进性和试验性,使我国在中央与地方的财政关系上,形成了规范内外不同的权力生长与存续机理。碎片化的规范,赋予了地方在特定领域内的财政自主权。同时,依赖政治过程的分散化策略,引致了权力的制度外溢,形成了诸多所谓的"事实上的财政自主权"。尽管正当的制度只能逐步建设和改进,但如果始终存在超越于法律规范之上的权力,法治秩序终将会崩裂。地方财政自主权,必须在规范主义的立场上循序形成。     

论货币宪法学教学

将货币宪法引入宪法学的教学实践,不仅能够开辟宪法学教学与研究的新领域,丰富财政宪法乃至基础宪法学的教学内容,同时使该学科的教学具有更为重要的理论与实践价值。货币宪法学的教学内容主要包括货币权力的宪法属性、货币权力配置的基本模式、货币权力的宪法规范等。     

基于绿色财税政策的湘江流域治理生态补偿机制研究

由于历史和现实原因,湘江流域的生态环境问题日渐突显,影响到该流域的社会、经济、文化的发展。湘江流域生态问题是多方面的,湘江流域的治理也需要多种政策的支撑,其中绿色财税政策是重要组成部分之一。而现行的财税政策存在着许多弊端,需要从生态环境财政政策、相关税费制度与政策、市场相关机制等角度加以完善。     

Comparing Central City Finances Using Fiscally Standardized Cities

Abstract

Because fiscal institutions and arrangements differ widely across US cities, it has until now been very difficult to conduct comparative analysis of spending, revenues, and debt in US cities. This paper describes a new city fiscal dataset, called fiscally standardized cities (FiSCs), that directly addresses the varying roles of municipal governments, counties, school districts, and special districts in the financing of central cities. By taking systematic account of fiscal data for all the major units of government in large cities over a long time period (1977–2012), the FiSC data permit investigation of a wide range of important comparative policy issues for cities. The article describes the methodology used to construct FiSCs, and gives a number of examples to illustrate the potential uses of the FiSC data. For example, it shows how spending comparisons between cities can be fundamentally misleading unless account is taken of the varying roles of overlapping governmental units. It also demonstrates how the FiSC data can be used to benchmark fiscal data for one city against comparable cities.     

日本财政预算理念的演变、政策实践及启示

日本庞大的政府债务问题一直是学界关注的热点。从日本财政预算理念的视角,对这一问题进行分析,有利于深层次理解日本财政困境的成因。日本作为世界重要经济体,经历了战后迅速崛起到经济高速发展再到经济低迷的发展道路,与之相对应,其财政预算理念总体经过平衡预算理念、周期性预算平衡、新自由主义财政理念、重拾凯恩斯主义财政理念等四个阶段。日本财政预算理念与财政政策实践过程中的经验与教训,对中国财政政策的制定和经济发展具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Federalism and Governability in Brazil: Oil Royalties in Dispute

This article discusses the relationship between governability and federalism in Brazil, analysing the dispute among Brazilian states for oil royalties. This conflict features an unusual pattern in federal legislative voting, leading to regional alignment, rather than the usual party political configuration. This study explains the phenomenon by showing how this organisation makes it possible to align the preferences of national party leaders, regional party leaders, parliamentarians, and each state's voters. The political influence of governors and mayors is also underlined, and the Union's role in the process is described in detail.     

A New Trend

正China's economic growth is stabilizing in the 7-8 percent range China’s gross domestic product(GDP)grew 7.8 percent in the third quarter,0.3percentage points higher than in the second quarter.Economic growth rate has been ranging from 7 to 8 percent since the second quarter of 2012.The fourth quarter of 2013 will be no exception.Therefore,the growth rate floating between 7 to 8 percent is not an accidental phenomenon but a periodical trend for the country.