论台湾地区的交付审判制度

2002年,台湾地区在建立改良式当事人主义的总体目标下,以德国的强制起诉制度和日本的准起诉制度为蓝本,于《刑事诉讼法》中创设了交付审判制度,以监督、制衡检察官的不起诉权限。不过,该制度自创设以来,不论是学说上对其违反控审分离原则的批评,还是对其一连串具体制度运行可行性的质疑,都使这一制度陷入了困境。因此,在研究交付审判制度时,除了对这一制度加以介绍外,对其进行适度的反思也是必不可少的。     

Chemical Contamination of Soft Drinks in Sealed Plastic Bottles by Environmental Stress Cracking

Abstract:  A contamination of soft drinks in sealed bottles by organic solvents is reported: closed bottles full of soft drinks were accidentally placed on a cardboard soaked with thinner and the organic fluid subsequently fissured the bottom of the bottles and penetrated into the soft drinks without any apparent leakage of the soft drinks. Experiments were carried out to simulate the process: the penetration of different organic solvents into soft drinks through the bottom of closed bottles was tested. The penetration occurred only when the closed bottles contained carbonated soft drinks (CSD), indicating that inner pressure is a necessary condition for the fissuring of the bottles. This paper discusses environmental stress cracking of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles by organic solvents and migration of chemicals to CSD. Experiments were conducted to determine the conditions in which PET can be permeable to poisoning organic products.     

占有改定与善意取得 兼论民法规范漏洞的填补

占有改定和善意取得的关系,考验着法律人的抽象思维能力和具体情形中符合事理的判断力,需要运用成文法解释模式进行法律论证。在物权法的意义脉络中,立法文本所表述的交付概念从未涵括占有改定。作为法律拟制产物的占有改定,其物权变动效果不等同于现实交付,与善意取得之间具有不相容性。占有改定的物权合意只能在传来取得的情形中产生效力,在善意取得的情形中则不生效力。为填补规范漏洞,物权法第106条所言交付应作目的论限缩解释,以免法律激励出坏的交易风险,有悖于此条款追求交易安全的价值取向。     

解读《最高人民法院关于审理无正本提单交付货物案件适用法律若干问题的规定》

在中国海事审判中,无正本提单交付货物纠纷案件呈逐年上升趋势。由于《中华人民共和国海商法》关于提单以及提单项下货物交付的规定比较原则,造成审理无正本提单交付货物纠纷法律适用方面的困难。为解决海事审判中出现的法律适用方面问题,根据《中华人民共和国海商法》《中华人民共和国合同法》《中华人民共和国民法通则》等有关法律规定,总结中国海事审判经验,参照国际海运惯例、国际海事公约,借鉴国际海事司法的通常做法,最高人民法院民事审判第四庭起草了《最高人民法院关于审理无正本提单交付货物案件适用法律若干问题的规定》,并于2009年3月5日起施行。从规定适用的提单范围,承运人无单放货的责任,承运人无单放货是否可以享有责任限制,承运人提单审查的风险责任,承运人承担赔偿责任的范围,可否免除承运人的赔偿责任,可否免除承运人交付货物的责任,对记名提单持有人所享有权利的限制,免除承运人交货义务,无正本提单交付货物的连带责任,实际交付货物的托运人可否有索赔权,正本提单持有人的索赔权以及正本提单持有人索赔的诉讼时效等方面对规定加以阐述和说明。     

我国食品安全委员会的构建

我国食品安全监管体制缺乏规范有效的协调机制,监管部门的职能定位模糊不清,中央与地方关系有待进一步厘清。应借鉴美国、日本的食品安全监管制度,结合新近颁布的《食品安全法》和即将成立的国家食品安全委员会,完善我国食品安全监管的配套制度。     

从特产、食俗歌看浙江饮食文化

独具江南水乡平原、海岛特色的地理环境,孕育了浙江“饭稻羹鱼”的生产、生活方式。“饭稻羹鱼”构成了浙江饮食文化的典型基础特征。各地广为流传的特产、食俗歌从不同层面展示了浙江地域特色的饮食结构、饮食习俗和民俗生活。这些特产、食俗歌不仅是我们研究、传承和弘扬浙地传统饮食文化的史料,也是拓展以地方食文化为主题旅游的精美广告。     

新时期我国粮食安全问题研究

粮食安全是国家安全战略的重要组成部分,是保持国民经济健康、持续、快速发展的重要保障。影响我国粮食安全的主要问题多种多样,必须在认真分析的基础上加以解决。确保我国粮食安全的主要对策是要适应新形势,树立新型粮食安全观念;要切实保护耕地,提高农民种粮积极性;因地制宜,不断优化粮食生产的区域布局;以农业科技为支撑,不断提高粮食综合生产能力;深化粮食流通体制改革,建立新型粮食流通体系;加强粮食宏观调控,确保国家粮食安全。     

Participation rationales,regulatory enforcement,and compliance motivations in a voluntary program context

This article extends the study of regulatory compliance motivations from “traditional” regulatory settings to a government-sponsored voluntary one. We argue that the rationale(s) which motivate participants to engage a voluntary program likely shape which motivations drive them toward (or away from) program compliance. Our study examines the possible influence of program participation rationales alongside that of regulatory agents' enforcement styles and strategies. Leveraging a national survey of certified United States Department of Agriculture organic producers, we find that the more a producer pursues organic certification to increase profits, the more likely they are to report deterrent fears as an important compliance motivation. In contrast, the more a producer becomes certified to support the organic movement, the more heavily they weigh a personal sense of duty to comply. We discuss the implications of these, and other, study findings for compliance motivations theory and voluntary program integrity.     

Local governments and their arm’s length bodies

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we discuss the state of the art on the creation of arm’s length bodies (ALBs) by local governments. We make three main contributions. First, there are many different types of ALBs and each country has its own categories; an expert survey was held identifying three common types of body, to enable future comparative research. Second, we point out that the creation of ALBs has led to a number of new challenges for local governments, particularly regarding governing bodies at arm’s length to ensure ALBs’ good performance. A lack of capacity and information have to be countered, for example, by increased monitoring – also for democratic accountability purposes. Special attention is needed for the multiple principal problem that arises when local governments jointly create ALBs. Third, research into local ALBs is still in its early stages. We present a research agenda to develop knowledge on the topic.     

刍议《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》中货物风险

在《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》中货物风险是核心法律问题之一 ,也是理论界与实践中对其理解充满争议的问题。在销售公约中风险的含义为价金风险 ,而没有采纳广义的风险含义。属于风险范围的事件是不可抗力 ,不包括意外事件和当事人不能预见的第三人过错 ,实践中当事人可以通过约定免责事由的方式来规避己方风险 ,但该约定不得违反相关法律。对于风险移转的时点 ,在销售公约中适用将交付行为与所有权移转分离 ,以交付行为时点作为风险移转的时点原则。