食品安全违法犯罪举报奖励制度研究

自2011年7月国务院要求各地建立食品安全有奖举报制度以来,此制度在严厉打击食品安全违法犯罪方面所发挥的作用日益显现.但实践表明,此制度仍存在一些突出问题亟待加以解决,因此,建立完善的举报奖励制度尤显必要.     

基本公共服务的均等化与有效供给——基于福建省的思考

推进基本公共服务均等化,让改革的成果更多地惠及全民,是当前深化行政管理体制改革、建设服务型政府的基本要求。本文探讨基本公共服务均等化与有效供给的理论基础与创新战略问题。文章先探讨基本公共服务均等化与有效供给统筹考虑的基本内涵、要素和评价标准,并以福建省为例分析基本公共服务均等化与有效供给实践上存在的深层次矛盾和问题,进而提出基本公共服务均等化与有效供给的创新战略。笔者认为,基本公共服务均等化与有效供给是两个相互联系的方面,在利用财政手段等推进基本公共服务均等化的同时,还必须重视公共服务的有效供给,推动公共服务质量的持续改进。     

Feeding finance: a critical account of the shifting relationships between finance,food and farming

Abstract

Whether in the form of commodity index funds, farmland investment funds or commodities trading by agri-food companies, there is evidence of an increasingly close relationship between finance, food and agriculture. While these developments have received some critical attention of late, existing accounts of the ‘financialization of food’ are limited to the extent that they view finance as an external force with emphasis placed on the unnaturalness of its relationship with agriculture and its distortive effects on agricultural markets. Recognizing that finance and agriculture have a long history, this paper offers a more nuanced account of the place of financialization in the agricultural sector. Specifically, it examines how agriculture's emergence as an investment opportunity has reconfigured the terrain of agricultural interests and logics while creating new knowledge demands and agricultural visibilities. These dynamics are explored through a case study of the role of finance and processes of financialization in the recent demise of the Canadian Wheat Board as a state marketing agency. Through this discussion, the paper offers valuable insights into not only the reworking of agriculture as a particular type of financial space, but also the nature and limits of financialization itself as a way of engaging with the world beyond urban financial centres.     

Is long-term food insecurity inevitable in Asia?

Abstract

This article questions two widely accepted claims on long-term food insecurity in Asia, the world's (heterogeneous) region with the largest number of undernourished individuals. The first claim is that food production may not grow as fast as the pace of population growth in Asia, which will reach 5 billion by 2050. The second claim is that an unstoppable emergence of a middle class in Asia will dramatically change the composition of food demand. On the first claim, the region's contribution to high and volatile international food prices is well known, but Asia's potentially positive contributions toward future price uncertainty and productivity growth are much less cited. On the second claim, the changing composition of future food demand in the region will depend on the extent that poverty reduction effectively leads to middle class expansion, which it is not an automatic process, and its extent still remains to be seen. Past evidence teaches us that poverty reduction on its own will not do the job of eradicating hunger, nor will only increasing food production. The jury is still out, but doomsday predictions are not necessarily justified.     

Going out: China's food security from Southeast Asia

Abstract

China's new five-year plan recognised the looming insecurity in its agricultural sector. On the one hand, the country faces a diminishing arable land supply; on the other, a large population with rapidly increasing diets. Although large-scale trade and investment in this sector has been developing since the mid 1990s between China and a variety of African states, it is a relatively new addition to the more established China-Southeast Asian economic relationship. This article seeks to explore the impact that China's agricultural investments are having on two Southeast Asian countries – Indonesia and the Philippines – where there has been a marked increase in activities by Chinese firms in agricultural produce. The findings from these two case studies – and a series of smaller studies of the situation in other regional states – are used as a benchmark to clarify some of the consequences of China's agricultural investment from Southeast Asia for regional food security.     

生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品罪的司法适用新论——以两高最新司法解释为视角

2013年5月2日,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院颁布的关于食品安全的司法解释对生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品罪进行了详细的规定,明确了本罪的入罪门槛,以仅设置下限不设置上限的罚金刑方式回应本罪谋利性本质,并且将本罪客观行为从“生产、销售”扩大至“加工、销售、运输、贮存”等环节,可谓以“横向到边、纵向到底”的方式全面规制生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品犯罪行为.然而,其仍未解决食品监管渎职罪规定笼统、入罪门槛模糊以及本罪共犯范围过宽的问题,并未做到宽严相济、宽严有度,实现对本罪的合理规制.     

我国食品安全犯罪刑事政策研究

我国《刑法修正案(八)》对食品安全领域的犯罪分别从严密法网和严厉处罚两方面进行了一定调整,但在实际的刑事司法、刑事执法过程中,由于难以操作、缺乏协调等原因,大大降低了食品安全犯罪人被惩罚的概率。针对食品安全领域的犯罪,应坚持贯彻"宽严相济,以严为主"的刑事政策,并适当地引入严格刑事责任理念。     

国家粮食补贴和购销体制存在的问题及改革探讨

该文分析了中国粮食补贴政策实施的现状和存在的问题,提出了完善中国粮食补贴政策和购销体制的建议。粮食补贴实施以来,在提高农民种田积极性,稳定粮食生产,保障国家粮食安全等方面发挥了积极作用。但目前中国粮食补贴仍然存在着补贴目标不明确,补贴标准偏低,扭曲粮食市场价格形成等问题。研究认为,为进一步完善中国粮食补贴政策,应明确粮食补贴以保障粮食安全为重点目标,加快推行农产品目标价格制度,同时应加强粮食补贴的信息化管理、法治化建设等。     

Protracted Refugee Situations: Parallel Health Systems and Planning for the Integration of Services

The international community typically responds to refugee situationsby establishing ‘care and maintenance’ programmesspecifically for refugees. Limited resources may also be directedto hosting communities, but donors often channel the bulk offunding through UNHCR and its implementing partner NGOs, whoin turn create service delivery structures that are operatedin parallel to local structures. Although there may be causefor this approach in a short-term emergency phase, particularlyif the host country systems are very weak, this eventually becomesfinancially problematic if refugees continue to live in exilefor years at a time. In the short term, it can also engenderan inequitable and inefficient use of scarce resources. Thispaper traces the evolution and impact of implementing refugeehealth services in parallel to local systems using observationsfrom Uganda, and offers Quality Design as a model for planningthe local integration of services.     

国际贸易术语的"变体"及其法律适用

在国际商事交往中经常发生INCOTERMS2000的变体。如果当事方没有对该变体所涉及的内容进行明确而全面的规定,可能会出现该变体到底是仅仅涉及费用的划分,还是也会涉及风险划分的争议。因而,有必要从该种变体的性质、原因、直接表现与根本目的以及该变体所引发法律适用等方面进行深入的研究。