ANALYZING SELF‐ORGANIZED LOCAL GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES: ARE THERE INSIGHTS FOR DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS?

In spite of the great enthusiasm and arguments supporting decentralization in Africa, its performance has frequently fallen well below expectations. However, a number of self‐initiated, local governance efforts have been quite successful. The article finds that all governance initiatives face a number of collective action problems that they must overcome to succeed. These include issues of collective choice, free riding, principal–agency, and constitutional design. The article explores two cases of locally initiated self‐governance initiatives where smaller population size, the ability to focus on only a few services, and the ability flexibly to redesign their institutions were important in their success in overcoming these governance challenges. In one case, challenge by and negotiation with formal governance institutions furthered their success. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Gorillas in the closet? Public and private actors in the enforcement of transnational private regulation

This paper examines to what extent the background presence of state regulatory capacity – at times referred to as the “regulatory gorilla in the closet” – is a necessary precondition for the effective enforcement of transnational private regulation. By drawing on regulatory regimes in the areas of advertising and food safety, it identifies conditions under which (the potential of) public regulatory intervention can bolster the capacity of private actors to enforce transnational private regulation. These involve the overlap between norms, objectives, and interests of public and private regulation; the institutional design of regulatory enforcement; compliance with due process standards; and information management and data sharing. The paper argues that while public intervention remains important for the effective enforcement of transnational private regulation, governmental actors – both national and international – should create the necessary preconditions to strengthen private regulatory enforcement, as it can also enhance their own regulatory capacity, in particular, in transnational contexts.     

试论新一轮粮食流通体制改革目标

新一轮粮食流通体制改革的直接目标,是让市场在粮食调节中发挥基础性作用,让国有粮食流通企业成为真正的市场经营主体,让中央政府及其粮食管理部门通过间接的、经济的手段调控粮食的供产销。长期目标是保证粮食稳定供给和粮食经济安全。衍生目标是调动粮农种粮的积极性,以及尽可能降低财政负担。     

传播与大学生食品消费

对北京五所高校大学生进行的调研发现,在大学生日常的食品消费中,传播的影响主要是通过人际传播实现的。大学生在食品消费中的决策深受同伴(同辈群体)的影响。广告主要是电视广告对大学生选择零食与饮料影响比较大。校园内的传播媒介对学生日常消费层面的响应和介入不足。     

欧美转基因食品法律管制制度比较研究

转基因食品自问世以来,其安全性倍受争议。在对其进行法律管制方面,形成了欧盟和美国两大阵营,在管制理念、管制方法和对消费者“知情权”的态度方面形成了鲜明的反差,并引起了双方在转基因食品国际贸易中的激烈对抗。对比、分析两大阵营的法律管制制度,能够为我国相关立法提供有益的借鉴。     

记名提单若干法律问题研究

论述了提单包括记名提单不是“物权凭证”而是“权利凭证”,无论采用哪种法律解释,中国《海商法》下记名提单都应理解为凭单放货,同时对记名提单与海运单的异同作了分析。     

关于物权契约独立性理论建构的前提性反思

动产物权变动为什么必须经过交付,交付是否暗含了一个转移物权的契约或者只是一个单纯的履行债权契约的事实行为,黑格尔基于市民社会辩证法对抽象个人观所作的批判以及特殊意志的现实性能够有效地解读要发生物权变动的法律效果必须交付的问题。黑格尔共同意志与特殊意志相对实存的二元架构对于理解意思表示(Willenserklarung)和确证交付作为处分行为的现实载体所具有的独立性具有重大现实指导意义,能够为有效读解关于物权契约的理论争议厘清认识前提。     

上海地区非法行医致孕妇死亡案例回顾性研究

目的研究上海地区非法行医致孕妇死亡案例并分析其特点,探究其形成原因及预防机制。方法收集本研究所2001～2005年接受上海市公安机关委托非法行医致孕妇死亡案例11例,按照孕妇情况、死亡原因及非法行医者的诊疗措施等进行分类整理分析。结果非法行医致孕妇死亡的原因多为产后大出血、羊水栓塞,多伴软产道裂伤。孕妇多未进行正规产前检查,到缺乏必要医疗条件的个体非法行医者处或者家中分娩,非法行医者往往存在不正当应用催产素,强行分娩,未采取及时有效抢救措施。     

洗钱犯罪的证据调查方法

情报侦查、实时侦查、书证侦查是三种有效应对洗钱犯罪的方法。在侦查过程中,既可以通过搜查、讯问、询问、联合侦查等途径获取证据,也可以借鉴国外经验,采用控制下交付、电子监视与监听、特工行动等特殊侦查手段来获取证据。此外,还应当完善立法,确保侦查所取得的证据在庭审中具有合法性和可采性。     

食品安全犯罪治理与预防的可能建构

在司法机关打击食品安全犯罪的实践中,发现还存在诸多问题,有些是立法技术层面的,有些则是司法实践与立法本身要求的差距使然。要从根本上解决此类问题,除了提升立法水平,还应加强食品安全行政主管单位与司法机关的有效沟通,强化司法机关的监督职能。