“Carrying the black pot”: Food safety and risk in China's reactive regulatory state

This paper explores the struggles of China's party-state to address chronic food safety problems by adopting international best practices of risk-based regulation. Despite formally adopting risk-based approaches for targeting inspections and enforcement in 2002, implementation has been halting and uneven, as we show in the first analysis of risk-based regulation beyond its OECD heartlands. Drawing on policy document analysis and 36 key informant interviews with food business operators and government officials working on food safety regulation at every level of the state, we identify contradictions between official commitments to risk-based inspection and top-down demands for zero tolerance and strict accountability, which leave local inspectors preoccupied with avoiding blame more than reducing safety risks. Our analysis advances recent scholarship on regulatory states of the global South by highlighting how risk-based ideas, instruments, and practices are refracted through the distinctive norms and style of China's reactive regulatory state.     

“ 十四五” 时期我国粮食安全保障问题研究

当前我国粮食安全面临着诸如粮食生产动力不足,粮食供需结构失衡,资源环 境压力过大,粮食产业竞争力不强和生产效益较低等问题,给国家经济社会稳定带来了一定 的隐患。“十四五”时期还需继续贯彻落实新发展理念,在复杂的发展形势下不断完善已有的粮食安全保障体系,为“十四五”时期乃至未来国内经济社会可持续发展提供保证。具体应以创新的理念突破粮食生产瓶颈,以协调的理念化解粮食结构矛盾,以绿色的理念缓解资源和环境压力,以开放的理念防范国际粮食贸易风险,以共享的理念提高粮食生产整体效益,共同提高我国粮食安全保障能力。     

RegData: A numerical database on industry‐specific regulations for all United States industries and federal regulations, 1997–2012

We introduce RegData, formerly known as the Industry‐specific Regulatory Constraint Database. RegData annually quantifies federal regulations by industry and regulatory agency for all federal regulations from 1997–2012. The quantification of regulations at the industry level for all industries is without precedent. RegData measures regulation for industries at the two, three, and four‐digit levels of the North American Industry Classification System. We created this database using text analysis to count binding constraints in the wording of regulations, as codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, and to measure the applicability of regulatory text to different industries. We validate our measures of regulation by examining known episodes of regulatory growth and deregulation, as well as by comparing our measures to an existing, cross‐sectional measure of regulation. Researchers can use this database to study the determinants of industry regulations and to study regulations’ effects on a massive array of dependent variables, both across industries and time.     

日本战后动漫角色商品化的探索与实践

日本战后动漫角色商品化是在美国迪士尼角色商品化模式影响下发展起来的,尤其是由大众传媒发展、角色版权授权、角色商品系列开发等所带来的动漫产业链条的拉长,以及丰厚的利润回报,为日本动漫从业者以及动漫企业开辟了新的经济增长点。日本战后动漫角色商品化发展也进一步明确了以授权为主的市场交易机制,并以丰富多样的商业实践,奠定了日本动漫产业的发展基础。同时,日本战后动漫角色商品化发展也与当时社会需要相呼应,并为首要目标群体——儿童消费者广泛接受,这也为日本动漫产业的快速发展提供了社会基础与发展空间。     

Business conflict and international law: The political economy of copyright in the United States

The internet industry has emerged as an important economic and political actor, both within the United States and internationally. Internet companies depend on exceptions from copyright law in order to operate. As a result, internet companies have considerable incentive to try and influence international copyright law. However, the current literature has neglected the role of the internet industry, instead focusing on the influence of copyright owning media companies. This has largely homogenized the concerns of business interests, neglecting the interests of business actors which do not favor stricter copyright protection. By examining business conflict over recent copyright initiatives by the United States, this article criticizes the literature. It illustrates that the internet industry has been able to alter the negotiating preferences of the United States against the wishes of copyright owners. This argues against the homogenization of business interests regarding copyright while illustrating the importance of material over discursive factors in determining political outcomes.     

Food for Thought: Reflections on a Counter-hegemonic Food-related Intervention in a South African University

Currently the Academy operates primarily as a space that helps to create and cement neoliberal hegemony in the Gramscian sense. However, since hegemony is never complete, universities are a site of struggle and the opportunity exists to engage in a “war of position” within them. This must necessarily involve allowing space for counter-hegemonic discourses to emerge through critical reflection on “common sense” discourses, as well as the deliberate inclusion of counter-hegemonic thinking and theory from below. This article reflects on an attempt to do this in a South African university, the University of KwaZulu-Natal, in relation to the issue of food. The Food Festival was an attempt to subvert interlocking hegemonic discourses, including that of food security, by “reading the world” (à la Freire) in order to understand the actual nature of existing food systems as inherently oppressive, and “inserting” the concept of food sovereignty as developed by the global peasants’ movement La Via Campesina. After considering the counter-hegemonic intentions of the Festival, the article reflects on its uneven success.     

“The Big Mo”: The Early Days of Housing Policy Debate

On the occasion of the 25th anniversary year of Housing Policy Debate, this article details the circumstances and the political climate of the late 1980s that led to the origin of this journal. I review the influence and the confluence of the National Housing Task Force of 1987, Jim Rouse (CEO of the Rouse Corporation), the Senate Subcommittee on Housing and Urban Affairs, and David O. Maxwell, then the chairman of Fannie Mae, to create the Office of Housing Research (OHR) within Fannie Mae. The article also highlights the role of the National Housing Task Force and the first Fannie Mae Housing Conference in expanding high-quality housing research in the 1990s through the MIT Housing Policy Project and the research and convening efforts of the OHR in Fannie Mae, which included this journal and a continuance of the Annual Housing Conference thereafter.     

顶层设计要回归原点

顶层设计必须从溯源的角度统筹改革与发展的全局,即顶层设计必须回归到原点;这个原点就是制定新的法律政策制度都要回归到最初始最根本的状态,从最初始最根本出发,重新审视现在所遇到的问题和矛盾。这个最初始的状态就是事物未被人为干扰的原始状态,这个最根本就是以人为核心,以满足人的需要为出发点。只有在制定新的法律政策制度的过程中重新回到原点,结合现在的国情和实际,顶层设计才可行可操作。     

行业院校划转地方后的办学策略与发展战略——以辽宁高校为例

行业院校划转辽宁后,立足地方,贴近行业,科学定位,全面适应区域经济社会发展的新需求,不断创新办学举措。未来时期,应从构建特色学科体系和优势学科群,全面提升行业划转院校的核心竞争力;打造重大科技平台,增强行业划转院校的科技贡献力;组建协同创新战略联盟,重点服务县域经济发展壮大;推动行业划转院校与行业企业、科研院所形成新的协同创新体制机制;深化教学质量监控和保障体系建设,提高人才培养质量等五个方面继续探索行业划转院校的发展战略。     

The Problems With Modem Japanese and Chinese Game Seclusion From the Outside World and In-Depth Analysis of the Countermeasures

In ancient times, classic board games developed and dispersed throughout the entire world. However, in recent years, the game industry is developing fast in many countries. Japanese games and Chinese games all have similar opportunities and problems in the modem context. The most serious problem both facing is ＂sakoku＂ （A Japanese and Chinese word ＂~fl~＇）, seclusion from the outside world. Although the effects ofsakoku are very far-reaching, this paper examines the effects of seclusion from the outside world in the context of game development. The Chinese game industry is in the development period. If the sakoku problem is not solved, the Japanese game industry will decline and fall behind that of the West. For their part, Chinese developers who fail to address gamers beyond their borders stand to lose the best chance to step into the successful development of the gaming future.