国外廉政文化建设的经验与启示

多年以来,国外清廉国家在廉政文化建设方面取得了相当不错的成绩,主要形成了培育崇廉、尚廉的“以风育廉”、重视道德因素的“以德倡廉”、强调领导层示范作用的“以身率廉”、制订完备法律条例的“以法保廉”、完善制度建设的“以规固廉”的基本经验。这对当前我国的廉政文化建设提供了积极有益的借鉴。     

新《证券法》下境外发行人参照适用上市公司规则的原理及径路--兼论保障“股东权益相当”的难易

境外发行人的法律管辖与适用冲突是我国深化金融改革开放过程中必须回答的问题。《存托凭证发行与交易管理办法(试行)》第2条概要性地要求境外基础证券发行人"依法履行发行人、上市公司的义务,承担相应的法律责任"。然而,法律责任是一个超越部门法划分、超越公司法、证券法以及所有关于"投资者保护的强制性规定"的庞大体系。世界银行在考察一国"保护中小投资者"的营商环境时,也是分"股东治理指数"与"纠纷调解指数"两个二级指标进行评估。由此,依据起源于货币金融学的全球要素"一价定律"理论,境外发行人除适用境外注册地公司法等法律法规外,在一线监管标准、投资者权益保护、社会责任承担等方面都应当原则性地参照东道国针对上市公司的既有规则。相较于实体法上具体规则的统一性,实现境内外投资者对等保护的难点在于我国商事立法事后救济的现状。对此,要增强制度自信,更要克服"司法失灵",从源头预防股东权益受损。     

Housing needs and effective policies in high‐tech metropolitan economies

Abstract

What are the most effective ways to provide low‐income housing to those left behind in new economy housing markets? Do winners and losers in high‐tech competition require federal housing strategies geared to metropolitan differences? This article examines 45 large metropolitan areas grouped along a high‐tech spectrum to see who is dis‐advantaged and to deduce effective local low‐income housing strategies from market characteristics.

Finding affordable housing was, on average, more difficult for low‐income renters and owners in high‐tech economies in the 1990s. Nonetheless, high‐tech metropolitan economies, like other local/regional markets, vary greatly. Sharp differences among and within metropolitan markets make it essential that federal strategies allow local policies to respond to local conditions. To most effectively provide low‐income housing to those left behind in all markets, federal policy should target sufficient resources to severe housing needs through many more vouchers and programs that permit and encourage effective local choices.     

Examining Commuters’ Cognitive Responses to Minibus Taxi Advertising

Abstract

Limited scholarly studies have been conducted on transit advertising in general, but even more so in South Africa. The purpose of the current study was to examine commuters’ cognitive responses to minibus taxi advertising by measuring their: (1) noting of minibus taxi advertising; and (2) recall of elements in minibus taxi advertisements. A survey was administered by trained fieldworkers to a quota-based sample of 398 regular minibus taxi commuters at a major taxi rank in Mbombela, Mpumalanga, South Africa. The results revealed that minibus taxi advertising has the potential to attract commuters’ attention, since the vast majority of the respondents regularly note advertisements on passing minibus taxis. The findings also revealed that some sub-groups in the sample demonstrated different cognitive responses. It was furthermore found that the commuting respondents typically recalled visual cues, colours and branding elements of minibus taxi advertising. The unique contribution of the study is that it is one of the first to examine the effectiveness of minibus taxi advertising media on a cognitive level. Thus, from an industry perspective, the study can guide marketers, advertisers and managers in grasping minibus taxi advertising in order to make more effective use of this unique out-of-home (OOH) advertising media platform for their advertising purposes.     

商标授权确权中地域性原则的重构——基于中美实践的比较

继存废争议后,人们对地域性原则的真正内涵少有研究。恶意抢注外国知名商标屡禁不止,根源在于对外国商标使用地域限定为中国大陆地区及将国内使用作为第一要件的要求,不符合现代商业实践及商标法地域性原则。经比较,美国法不以外国商标在境内使用为条件,只要抢注行为对美国相关公众识别利益造成误导和混淆即予以禁止,体现了保护本国法益的地域性原则本质。实用主义财产理论和反欺诈理论认为,在使用行为和显著性效果二元论下应以显著性效果为皈依。地域性原则内涵既包括行为地,更包括结果地,在授权确权中应摒弃以商标使用行为地为标准的做法,建立以商标知名度所及之结果地的地域性标准,并结合抢注者主观恶意,认可域外使用证据,对显著性所及之本国公众利益予以保护。     

Asymmetrical rivalry between China and Japan in Africa: to what extent has Sino-Japan rivalry become a global phenomenon?

Abstract

To what extent is China–Japan rivalry a global phenomenon, and what is the nature of the rivalry they engage in outside their own region? Literature on Sino-Japanese rivalry abounds, but it pays scant attention to the relevance of the rivalry outside East Asia. This article argues that Sino-Japanese rivalry has indeed become a global phenomenon, that various forms of the rivalry are evident in Africa, and that they are mostly of an asymmetrical nature. Quantitatively, China’s contribution to Africa is far greater than that of Japan, with the exception of foreign direct investment (FDI). Qualitatively, though, Japan has a stronger sense of the rivalry than China has, revealing a psychological aspect to the asymmetry as well. Contextually, the types of activity that Chinese and Japanese actors carry out in Africa are not necessarily the same, which makes the rivalry all the more asymmetrical. The rivalry has become more apparent recently, not only because of the rise of China but also because of a change in the meaning of ‘Africa’ – from a region of ‘poverty’ and ‘hunger’ to a region of ‘economic opportunities’. That said, Africa – to a greater or lesser degree in each of its countries – still suffers from conflict and instability. As a result, the ability of Japan and China to exert power and influence throughout Africa is somewhat restricted.     

Reframing the rising powers debate: state transformation and foreign policy

Abstract

The volume that we introduce breaks with the prevalent tendency in International Relations (IR) scholarship to treat rising powers (such as China, Russia, India and Brazil) as unitary actors in international politics. Although a neat demarcation of the domestic and international domains, on which the notion of unitary agency is premised, has always been a myth, these states’ uneven integration into the global political economy has eroded this perspective’s empirical purchase considerably. Instead, this collection advances the concept of ‘state transformation’ as a useful lens through which to examine rising power states’ foreign policymaking and implementation. State transformation refers to the pluralisation of cross-border state agency via contested and uneven processes of fragmentation, decentralisation and internationalisation of state apparatuses. The volume demonstrates the significance of state transformation processes for explaining some of these states’ most important foreign policy agendas, and outlines the implications for the wider field in IR.     

Mixing Grand Strategies: Trump and International Security

ABSTRACT

When a new President is elected in the United States, the first thing analysts do is define that President’s grand strategy; yet, naming Donald Trump’s grand strategy was a difficult task as his pre-election speeches often contradicted traditional US foreign policy norms. Trump’s ambiguous grand strategy combines two US foreign policy strategies: nationalism in the sense that his preference is for unilateral policies prioritising American interests, and a traditional foreign policy approach, as seen in the moves taken against China and Iran. Surprisingly, this grand strategy unintentionally contributes to cooperation in Eurasia, as actors like Russia, China, Turkey, India and the European Union continue to try to balance the threat from the United States instead of competing with each other, while smaller countries are reluctant to challenge the regional powers due to mistrust towards Trump.     

人类命运共同体的宪法学思考

人类命运共同体既是国际政治学和国际法研究的对象，也是宪法学研究的对象。从宪法学角度研究人类命运共同体，目的就是运用宪法思维、利用宪法资源，达到既防范化解我国发展所面临的国际风险，又切实为人类文明发展进步贡献中国智慧和中国方案。2018年通过的《宪法修正案》对《宪法》序言第十二自然段的充实，使《宪法》成为我国推动构建人类命运共同体的根本法依据。这就要求我们不仅要深入阐释我国宪法中的人类命运共同体理念，而且要以宪法共识推动人类命运共同体制度化，并通过阐释中国主张的“两制关系”，正确处理“人类-民族”两个命运共同体在宪法中的关系，以宪法为根据完善我国涉外法治体系。     

新中国成立以来承担国际责任的历史考察

新中国成立以来一贯重视承担国际义务,在不同时期形成了各具特色又一脉相承的中国国际责任观,并以此为指导展开了极富时代特色的外交实践。建国初期,高举国际主义大旗是党的第一代领导人履行国际义务的鲜明特色;改革开放后,推动建立国际新秩序是第二代领导人承担国际责任的突出贡献;冷战结束后,广泛参与国际机制成为中国承担国际责任的现实选择;新世纪以来,推动建设和谐世界是新时期中国担当大国责任的集中表现。