金融危机以来蒙古国经济及中蒙经贸合作

自2008年以来,因遭受全球金融危机的冲击,特别是受国际市场矿产品价格波动的影响,蒙古国的经济严重下滑。2009年,蒙古经济呈现出上半年继续下滑,下半年小幅增长的趋势。中国作为蒙古第一大贸易伙伴国和第一大投资国,对蒙经贸合作依然保持着强劲的势头。为中蒙两国经贸关系的持续发展和确保中国对蒙经贸合作第一大国的地位,两国经济合作应该从数量到质量转变,从双边至多边扩展。     

后金融危机下的区域货币合作

东南亚金融危机中,东南亚各国在盯住美元的汇率制度下付出了沉重的代价。危机过后,我国实行有管理的浮动汇率制度,然而金融风暴再次袭来又对我国经济产生了较大影响。综合各种因素,本文阐述了后金融危机时期保持人民币汇率稳定是现实选择。而近期人民币汇率的稳定也充当了区域汇率政策协调的稳定器。只有进一步推进东南亚货币合作进程,才能最为有效地防止危机再次发生,保证东南亚地区经济的稳定。     

美国次贷危机的再思考

本文以美国次贷危机为大背景,深入探讨其产生的原因及其后果,认为美元为主导的浮动汇率制是导致资产泡沫产生的土壤,以债权衍生品为主导的扩张是系统性风险的直接传递者,而相应监管的缺失导致危机蔓延,其结果必然导致美元危机。依据危机所带来的必然趋势,相应提出了我国应对危机转变增长方式的策略思考。     

Rupture of ascending aorta secondary to esophageal perforation by fish bone

Perforations of both esophagus and aorta after swallowing foreign bodies have been described, with aorto-esophageal fistulas at the level of the descending aorta or aortic arch. We present the case of a 48-year-old man with esophageal perforation by fish bone, mediastinitis, and evidence of perforation of the ascending aorta during surgical drainage of the mediastinum. At autopsy, a fish bone was found under the aortic arch. Serial histological macrosections of the mediastinic block allowed reconstruction of the type of injury suffered and a thorough analysis of mediastinic structures, with preservation of topographic relationships. Direct demonstration of the perforation of the posterior wall of ascending aorta was provided. Histological examination ascribed aortic perforation to migration of the fish bone and direct injury. This is the first anatomical and pathological study of an autopsy case of perforation of the ascending aorta by fish bone.     

Foreign exchange legislation transformation and enterprise demography in India

This article evaluates the extent to which the legislative changes relating to foreign exchange that have taken place in India within the last few decades, and in particular after 1991, have made an impact on the presence of foreign firms in the economy. The data cover the period 1957–1958 to 2001–2002, and include the entire population of India’s corporate sector. In the period after reforms commenced in 1991, the number of foreign firms in India has increased very substantially. The transformation of the foreign exchange regulation act (FERA) to the foreign exchange management act (FEMA) in 1999 has had a positive effect in inducing foreign firms to India. The FEMA legislation simplifies the maze of controls, procedures and bureaucratic minutiae that have to be observed by all those undertaking to set up and operate a business in India. The changes in the legislative regimes make India attractive as an investment destination for foreign firms.

Crime is the Problem: Homicide,Acquisitive Crime,and Economic Conditions

A question that emerges from recent research on the relationship between economic conditions and street crimes committed for monetary gain concerns the effect of changing economic conditions on violent crime. I propose that the economy stimulates violent crime indirectly through its effect on acquisitive crime. This hypothesis is evaluated in fixed-effects panel models of change in acquisitive crime and homicide rates between 1970 and 2006. The analysis indicates that collective perceptions of economic conditions have a significant effect on an index of acquisitive crime and an indirect effect, through acquisitive crime, on homicide. Consistent with this result, the effect of collective economic perceptions is stronger for felony than argument-related homicides. A promising focus for future research is the role of underground markets in the production of both property and violent crime.

非洲国家税法对外资的影响分析

在经济全球化的背景下,非洲国家大都渴望吸引更多的外来投资以发展本国经济.税收作为国家宏观调控的重要手段,税法作为宏观调控法的重要组成部分,在吸引外来投资的过程中作用十分关键,所以非洲国家都非常重视税法的作用.他们积极地进行税收立法,明确税法以吸引投资为主要目的;采用税收优惠政策以吸引投资;采取税收措施以引导投资方向;消除关税壁垒以减少吸引外资的障碍.在中国企业逐渐将目光投向非洲大陆的时候,这些都值得我们关注和探讨.     

Instrumentalizing the recent past? The new Cold War narrative in Russian public space after 2014

There has been much debate about whether the US and Russia are locked in a new Cold War, but much less attention as to how the term is used in Russian political discourse. Through a close analysis of public statements, I analyze how the Cold War narrative has been used in the Russian public space since 2014, and assess how the “resuscitation” of the Cold War paradigm has been used by Moscow’s political elites, in order to discuss its impact on foreign policy. I document a distinct shift in Russian policymakers’ use of the term in 2016 and trace this shift to domestic political considerations.     

Motivation and Intervention in the Northern Ireland Peace Process: An Interview with President Bill Clinton

The role of former U.S. President William Jefferson Clinton in the Northern Ireland peace process has been acknowledged as an example of political risk‐taking and leadership driven by political interests and strategic post–Cold War aims. The tendency to examine Clinton's role from the perspective of international and global policy objectives, however, has obscured consideration of his motivational role in the Northern Ireland peace process and of how he moved between encouragement and intervention to help the political parties reach a settlement. This article, which is drawn from an extended interview conducted with Clinton in 2017, seeks to paint a more comprehensive picture of Clinton's participation in the peace process, showing how his combination of motivational and interventional skills enabled him to help convince others of the need to take risks for peace and gave him greater influence and leverage over the peace process as a result.     

When the Belt and Road Initiative Meets BEPS: Reforming China's Foreign Tax Credit Rules in the New Era

Today, international taxation is at an inflection point. The implementation of action plan on base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) and enforcement of the Belt and Road Initiative are reshaping taxation rules and principles. As a crucial aspect of outbound taxation, foreign tax credit is expected to embrace the normative objectives of the new era, which emphasize the importance of subjecting all trans-border business activities to equitable, efficient, and coordinated taxation. Currently, China’s foreign tax credit prescribes in an incompatible pattern; it lacks clear legislative intent, despite marking specific rules with archaic unilateral characters. To reform this regime, legislative principle should reflect the latest consensus on the economic activities’ nexus and ensure that the income derived from trans-border transactions falls under a minimum tax. Regarding specific rules, it is strongly suggested that active and passive incomes be distinguished and the equity holding threshold of obtaining indirect credit be lowered. China’s foreign tax credit reform should take an inclusive perspective, actively participating in the cooperation between countries.