Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics,

The premise of this study was to take a valid population sampling of handwriting and handprinting and assess how many times each of the predetermined characteristic is found in the samples. Approximately 1500 handwriting specimens were collected from across the United States and pared to obtain a representative sample of the U.S. adult population according to selected demographics based on age, sex, ethnicity, handedness, education level, and location of lower‐grade school education. This study has been able to support a quantitative assessment of extrinsic and intrinsic effects in handwriting and handprinting for the six subgroups. Additional results include analyses of the interdependence of characteristics. This study found that 98.55% of handprinted characteristics and 97.39% of cursive characteristics had an independence correlation of under 0.2. The conclusions support use of the product rule in general, but with noted caveats. Finally, this study provides frequency occurrence proportions for 776 handwriting and handprinting characteristics.     

STR遗传多态性调查中样本量和采样方式选择初探

目的对STR基因座进行遗传学调查时样本量大小和采样方式进行考察分析。方法用DNA Typer~(TM)19试剂盒对血卡样本进行直扩,ABI3730型遗传分析仪电泳检测,Genemapper ID v3.2软件进行等位基因分型,根据公式计算群体遗传学参数。计算样本量在50、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500十个水平上遗传多态性水平,并评估与总体的差异。计算常见的四种采样方法(整群采样、随机采样、系统采样、分层采样)所抽取样本遗传多态性水平,并评估抽样误差。结果 18个STR基因座在河北地区16 058份随机样本共检出317种等位基因,基因频率分布在3.114e-5~0.515。18个STR基因座在河北群体水平上PM为6.04e-14,TDP为0.999 999 999 999 94,CEP为0.999 999 987 514 828。PM值、CEP值在样本量大于200后中值基本稳定。四种抽样方法的抽样误差大小是:整群抽样≥单纯随机抽样≥系统抽样≥分层抽样。结论 DNATyper~(TM)19试剂盒的18个STR基因座在河北地区具有较高的遗传多态性水平。在小范围内进行人群频率调查时,可随机选择200份样本代表当地遗传多态性水平。在相对较大范围或遗传背景复杂的区域,可采用分层抽样的方法降低抽样误差。     

Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwritten Numeral Characteristics

The premise of this follow‐up sister study to “Measuring the Frequency Occurrence of Handwriting and Handprinting Characteristics” was to collect a representative population sampling of numerals and assess how many participants utilize each of the predetermined characteristics as found in their specimens. A total of 1410 handwriting specimen forms were collected from across the United States and pared to 1025 to obtain a proper representative sample of the U.S. adult population based on the same demographics used in the original 2017 study. This study provides frequency of occurrence proportions and 95% confidence limits for 25 handwritten numeral characteristics. A total of 277 intercharacter pairs of handwritten numeral characteristics were cross‐analyzed for interdependence. The results were that 72.92% of all intercharacter pairs had a coefficient of correlation between ?0.2 and +0.2 in this study.     

针刺治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床正交设计观察

目的 对腰椎间盘突出症的针刺治疗方案进行初步优选。方法 以48例腰椎间盘突出症患者为观察对象,以视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale,VAS）、日本骨科协会（Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA）评分系统为评价指标,以针刺腰夹脊穴为主要治疗方法,采用四因素二水平正交设计方案,对加强局部选穴、循经远端取穴、电针频率、针刺间隔时间的组合方案进行优选。结果 加强局部取穴、循经远端取穴、电针频率3个因素两水平间的VAS及JOA评分差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;针刺时间间隔两水平之间VAS及JOA评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;交互作用中,加强局部取穴与电针频率4 Hz、循经远端取穴与电针频率4 Hz的交互作用最为显著。结论 腰椎间盘突出症宜针刺夹脊穴,配合加强局部取穴和循经远端取穴,电针频率4 Hz,隔日治疗1次。     

汉族12个STR位点群体遗传学调查

目的240个汉族无关个体12个STR位点基因频率调查及其法医学应用;方法采用12位点复合扩增及变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳基因分型;结果该系统12个STR基因位点在汉族人群中均为高识别率位点,特别适合于陈旧血痕检验;结论12位点STR-PCR复合扩增系统检测方法简便,经济实用,在法医个体识别和亲子鉴定中具有应用价值。     

时间频率对扫描图像视觉诱发电位视力的影响

目的研究不同时间频率条件下,扫描图像视觉诱发电位（sweep pattern visual evoked response,SPVER）视力的变化。方法受试者分为低视力组（71眼）与高视力组（92眼）,应用一组空间频率进行刺激,时间频率分别为8.5、10、15、20Hz,根据测得的SPVER视力与主观视力比较,判断不同时间频率条件下测得的SPVER视力的准确性。结果在低视力组,应用该组空间频率,其SPVER视力与主观视力相关性较好;在高视力组,SPVER视力出现低估。在两组中,当时间频率均为10Hz时,SPVER视力与主观视力相关性较好。结论应用SPVER检查时,时间频率对检查结果有影响,法医学鉴定时应当重视时间频率的选择。     

A database of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II sequences of individuals from Slovakia

In order to identify polymorphic positions and to determine their frequencies and the frequency of haplotypes in the human mitochondrial control region, two hypervariable regions (HV1 and HV2) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 374 unrelated individuals from Slovakia were amplified and sequenced. Sequence comparison led to the identification of 284 mitochondrial lineages as defined by 163 variable sites. Genetic diversity (GD) was estimated at 0.997 and the probability of two randomly selected individuals from population having identical mtDNA types (random match probability, RMP) for the both regions is 0.60%.     

广东汉族群体DXS6854基因座的多态性

目的调查X染色体特异性基因座DXS6854在广东汉族群体的多态性。方法利用PCR和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及银染法显色技术进行基因分型。结果在广东汉族189名无关女性个体及230名无关男性个体中,发现了8个等位基因。等位基因频率分布在0.0026—0.4522之间,女性的基因型分布符合Hardy—Weinberg平衡,女性和男性个体的个体识别率(DP)分别为0.8633和0.7012。三联体检验非父排除率(PE)为0.6712。结论DXS6854有较高的个体识别率和亲权排除率,在个人识别和女孩的亲权鉴定中有应用价值。     

西安汉人D1S80位点基因频率调查

利用PCR技术、小型聚丙烯酰胶凝胶电泳及银染法，检测D1S80位点的VNTR扩增片段长度多态性（Amp－FLP）。在175名无关的西安地区汉族人群中发现了22个等位基因，片段大小分布于320～750bp之间，频率分布为0．0057～03314，杂合度为82．3％，个人识别率（DP）为0.9588，非父排除率（EPP）为0．6704。对7个家系23名相关个体分析，证实DIS80位点的遗传符合孟德尔方式。已发现的64种基因型分布符合Hardg－Weinberg定律。