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211.
目的采用分子印迹固相萃取,UPLC/MS分析,检验血液中大隆和溴敌隆。方法以大隆为模板分子,丙烯酰胺为单体,二甲基亚砜为有机溶剂,按照模板分子与单体摩尔配比关系为1∶4合成大隆分子印迹聚合物,作为固相萃取剂萃取血液中大隆和溴敌隆,以2×1mL去离子水、1mL 30%甲醇去离子水洗涤杂质,2×1mL 1%甲酸/甲醇洗脱,提取血中目标物后进行UPLC/MS分析检测。结果溴敌隆和大隆回收率均在90%以上,在50~500ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好r,2溴敌隆为0.998 4,大隆为0.991,检测限(S/N=5/1)低于10ng/mL。结论本方法回收率高,基质效应降低,杂质干扰少,可用于血液中低浓度大隆和溴敌隆的检验。 相似文献
212.
目的建立分子印迹固相萃取(MISPE)、GC/MS分析方法,用于血液中苯丙胺类毒品检测。方法 10mmol/L醋酸铵缓冲液(pH8.0)4倍稀释空白添加血液,1mL甲醇,1mL10mmol/L醋酸铵缓冲液(pH8.0)活化苯丙胺类分子印迹固相萃取柱;2×1mL去离子水、1mL60%的乙腈去离子水、1mL1%醋酸乙腈洗涤杂质;2×1mL1%甲酸/甲醇洗脱,洗脱液挥干定容,经GC/NPD、GC/MS分析检测。结果各种苯丙胺类毒品回收率均在90%以上,在20~5 000ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,r2为0.995 7~0.998 9,LOQ在16~30ng/mL之间,LOD在8~15ng/mL之间。结论本方法回收率高,净化效果显著,稳定性好,杂质干扰少,可用于血液中低浓度苯丙胺类毒品的分析检测。 相似文献
213.
214.
外交保护的实施过程可以区分为国内决策阶段和利用国际法向侵害本国人权利的相对国采取措施的阶段。因此,在国内决策阶段中有一种不可忽视的实践,那就是认为从国内法角度来看国家负有以一切可能方式保护本国公民的义务。但是,实际上外交是国家行为,它代表国民的整体利益。因而在具体个案中可能需要从大局出发采取和缓的方式对权益受侵害的国民进行保护或放弃保护。但,必须建立有效的机制以沟通被害者和实行外交保护的公权力机构。在对公共利益和私人利益进行取舍时,可能需要考虑相应的补偿问题。以此为出发点,对将以外交保护方式保护国民作为国家宪法义务的国家实践进行研究。 相似文献
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216.
目的建立固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-LC-MS/MS)分析全血中多塞平的方法。方法以阿米替林为内标,全血样品经固相萃取处理后,通过液相色谱-串联质谱技术进行检测(电喷雾离子源正离子方式,多反应监测模式)。监测离子对m/z多塞平为280→107、280→235、280→220,阿米替林为278→233。多塞平和阿米替林的保留时间分别为15.15min和16.94min。结果全血中多塞平在0.005~1.00μg/mL质量浓度范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为y=3.2047x+0.0339,相关系数(r)=0.9996,检出限为0.001μg/mL;平均提取回收率为78.0%~82.9%,日内精密度〈2.55%,日间精密度〈5.90%。结论本方法快速简便、灵敏、重现性好,适用于全血中多塞平的检测。 相似文献
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218.
Tatjana Thelen 《Citizenship Studies》2011,15(3-4):513-527
In this paper, we make three interrelated points. First, while much of the recent literature on new forms of citizenship has focused on the diversity of large cities and new forms of migration, we seek to establish rural sites as important arenas for negotiating citizenship. We stress that far from being homogeneous, villages in their struggles over belonging are affected by long-standing diversity as well as global discourses. Second, we seek to complicate the interpretation of the demise of socialism as a radical break manifested in a diminished role of the state. We show that if the central state retreats, local state actors may gain in importance for local negotiations of citizenship. Third, we explore how the local state actors sometimes use their new powers over social rights to recreate boundaries of belonging through public performances tied to the administration of these rights. We go on to explore the normative basis for these performances and indicate that membership is still based on a contribution of work to the common good. This can best be conceptualised as a shifting continuity rather than a sharp break after 1989. 相似文献
219.
Joachim Blatter 《Citizenship Studies》2011,15(6-7):769-798
Dual/multiple citizenship has become a widespread phenomenon in many parts of the world. This acceptance or tolerance of overlapping memberships in political communities represents an important element in the ongoing readjustment of the relationship between citizens and political communities in democratic systems. This article has two goals and parts. First, it evaluates dual citizenship from the perspective of five normative theories of democracy. Liberal and republican as well as multicultural and deliberative understandings of democracy deliver a broad spectrum of arguments in favour of dual citizenship. Only communitarians fear that dual citizenship endangers national democracies. Nevertheless, empirical evidence and national policies largely contradict these fears. The second part of the article reverses the perspective and shows that most theories of democracy do not only legitimate and facilitate the acceptance of dual citizenship – the phenomenon of multiple citizenships induces innovation in democratic theory in turn. A second look at the relationship between dual citizenship and theories of democracy reveals that dual citizenship stimulates refinements, expansions and reconceptualisations of these theories for a transnationalising world. 相似文献
220.
Abstract: Laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) is emerging as a technique for questioned document examination. Its use is limited to detecting ink dyes that are neutral or singly charged. Several inks contain dyes that are multiply charged and LDMS cannot be employed for their identification. We have successfully detected >20 polyionic dyes that can be used in the manufacture of inks using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS, directly from paper, with the matrix, 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA), and the additive, diammonium hydrogen citrate (DAHC). For example, Acid Violet 49, a charged dye containing one positively-charged site and two negatively charged sulfonate groups, cannot be detected by LDMS, but forms intact, singly charged ions in the MALDI MS experiment. The method described is also useful for identifying multiply charged dye mixtures that are used in modern pen inks. 相似文献