Justice,democracy, and future generations

Proposals for how to redesign democracy so as to better secure the demands of intergenerational justice can be divided into three broad families: (1) representative proxies; (2) differential voting schemes; and (3) counter-majoritarian devices. However, these proposals suffer from a fundamental weakness: namely, they all assume that despite the fact that democracy is by its very nature ill-equipped to secure intergenerational justice, it is nevertheless possible to rely on democracy to solve this problem in the first place. But that, to put it colloquially, is like thinking that one can pull oneself up by one’s own bootstraps. This paper sketches the shape and contours of a solution to this problem that is better able than the alternatives to escape this objection. This solution draws upon the strategy of a so-called ‘non-reformist reform.’     

公共政策与最高人民法院的角色——以关于汶川、玉树和舟曲的通知为分析对象

最高人民法院在一系列的司法文件中形成了关于社会环境因素、管理因素和价值因素的公共政策。最高人民法院回应公共政策有非常状态的应对、社会改革的诉求、政法传统的延续等现实和历史的原因。从公共政策视角来看,最高人民法院在与公共政策相互关系、价值追求、司法哲学等角色定位方面都呈现出一些新趋向。     

我国干部人事制度改革的回顾与展望

干部人事制度改革是我国政治体制改革的重要组成部分。20世纪80年代以来,经过30多年的改革,我国已初步建立起了适合我国国情的社会主义现代化干部人事制度。本文在回顾我国干部人事制度改革历程的基础上,分析了目前改革中存在的问题,并就未来的改革趋势从干部选拔任用、管理监督以及思想教育等方面提出了相关的建议。     

我国视损伤残疾评定标准问题研究

视损伤评价是制定视损伤残疾标准、统一标准适用的基础。由于基本问题缺乏界定与研究,导致我国残疾标准制定困难、理解适用混乱,影响了鉴定意见的科学性。应解决视功能含义、确定视残疾与个体残疾的关系、拣选检验指标、开展视残疾生存质量调查和一体评价视损伤等主要问题,加强残疾理论与法学、临床医学等其他学科的交叉研究,建立适合我国社会发展需求的残疾评价体系,促进残疾评定的科学化和标准化。     

客观最大化与视觉冲击力双赢的实现机制——以法制新闻报道为视角的考察

法制新闻在上个世纪末到本世纪初的最近几年才成为新闻学的一个新的分支学科,而这种新产生体系的不完整性,导致了各种不规范现象大量存在于法制新闻的报道中,其主要的是客观最大化和视觉冲击力间的矛盾.不同媒介的不同表现形式,所表现出来的矛盾形态也有所不同,从平衡两者之间的目的出发,应该从新闻标题的制作、正文的撰写、与电视节目特有的影像制作等方面,解决法制新闻中客观最大化和视觉冲击力之间的矛盾.     

评世界主义者对罗尔斯国际正义理论的批判

由于缺乏足够的阐释和论证,兼之世界主义思潮的影响,当前西方学界对罗尔斯的国际正义理论总体上仍持批判意见。这些批判主要涉及理论旨趣、人民观、人权清单和援助责任等四项焦点问题:前三种批判揭示了罗尔斯理论的疏漏之处,但通过对其思想脉络和观点立场的同情式理解,在既有理论框架内加以翔实阐释,这些理论疏漏可以在一定程度上得到回应和辩护;围绕援助责任的争论,则集中展现了罗尔斯与世界主义者之间的观点分歧,双方在可欲性和可行性两个层面各有优劣。相比之下,容纳二者优势并有所超越的人类命运共同体理念能够为全球正义的理论探讨提供一个更为有效的支点。     

法律的公众认同、功能期许与道德承载对刑法修正案(八)的复眼式解读

刑法修正案(八)不但针对我国转型时期的社会情势和国情民意予以了很大程度的回应，而且也体现了官方和主流民意对刑法的功能期待，承载了当下社会基本的集体道德情感，但被一些刑法改革者认为立法理性不够或过多地迁就了庸俗的民粹主义，以致没有较好地摆脱传统工具主义和重刑主义的思维与窠臼。诚然，转型时期高度复杂的社会情势和大众心理基质难免使得实定刑法所蕴含的价值理念互有差别、充满悖反乃至相互抵牾。欲对这种吊诡的多重面向予以同情之理解与有效的解读，除了法学与逻辑的思维论证，更重要的可能还必须导入法律社会学、社会心理学和法律经济学等多维度的复眼化视角。     

Dynamic Characteristics of Signatures: Effects of Writer Style on Genuine and Simulated Signatures

The aims of this study were to determine if computer‐measured dynamic features (duration, size, velocity, jerk, and pen pressure) differ between genuine and simulated signatures. Sixty subjects (3 equal groups of 3 signature styles) each provided 10 naturally written (genuine) signatures. Each of these subjects then provided 15 simulations of each of three model signatures. The genuine (N = 600) and simulated (N = 2700) signatures were collected using a digitizing tablet. MovAlyzeR^® software was used to estimate kinematic parameters for each pen stroke. Stroke duration, velocity, and pen pressure were found to discriminate between genuine and simulated signatures regardless of the simulator's own style of signature or the style of signature being simulated. However, there was a significant interaction between style and condition for size and jerk (a measure of smoothness). The results of this study, based on quantitative analysis and dynamic handwriting features, indicate that the style of the simulator's own signature and the style of signature being simulated can impact the characteristics of handwriting movements for simulations. Writer style characteristics might therefore need to be taken into consideration as potentially significant when evaluating signature features with a view to forming opinions regarding authenticity.     

Ink Dating Using Thermal Desorption and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Comparison of Results Obtained in Two Laboratories

An ink dating method based on solvent analysis was recently developed using thermal desorption followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and is currently implemented in several forensic laboratories. The main aims of this work were to implement this method in a new laboratory to evaluate whether results were comparable at three levels: (i) validation criteria, (ii) aging curves, and (iii) results interpretation. While the results were indeed comparable in terms of validation, the method proved to be very sensitive to maintenances. Moreover, the aging curves were influenced by ink composition, as well as storage conditions (particularly when the samples were not stored in “normal” room conditions). Finally, as current interpretation models showed limitations, an alternative model based on slope calculation was proposed. However, in the future, a probabilistic approach may represent a better solution to deal with ink sample inhomogeneity.     

关于提高地市党校图书馆服务质量的思考

地市党校图书馆要适应新形势下服务对象对文献信息的需求,必须提高图书馆工作人员的综合素质,增强服务意识,提高服务质量。